 | Term | Definition |
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Translation |
Protein Synthesis |
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mRNA's role in translation |
has info for aa ((amino acid)) sequence; has codon that matches with an anti-codon of the tRNA |
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tRNA's role in translation |
brings amino acids and matches them up with the mRNA sequence; has anti-codon that matches a codon on a mRNA |
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rRNA's role in translation |
ribosome enzymatic machinery |
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genetic code |
rules that describe how to take Nucleic Acid information and turn it into a sequence of amino acids in your portein |
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How many amino acids? |
There are only 20 amino acids |
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triple nucleotides |
AUGC for RNA are nucleotides....they are organized into three letter triplets, for example, AUG, ACG |
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ribosomes (prokaryote 70s) |
small subunit= 30s, made of a 16s rRNA and 20 proteins; large subunit= 23s+5s rRNA and 30 proteins |
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ribosomes (eukaryote 80s) |
small subunit= 40s, made of 18s rRNA and 30 proteins; large subunit 60s, made of 5s+58s+28s rRNA and 50 proteins |
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charging tRNA |
attaching correct amino acids to specific tRNA according to genetic code |
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aminoacyl tRNA synthetase |
enzyme with binding sites for a specific tRNA or a specific amino acids; aminoacyl=tRNA with an amino acid stuck on the end of it synthetase=enzyme that synthesizes |
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Immigration night made me sleepy... |
*yawn* |
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Initiation (prokaryotes) |
1) small subunit of the ribosome (30s) combines with some proteins called initiation factors and mRNA they bind at the Shine-Dalgarno sequence; 2)f-met (Met is on that lame chart she gave us) tRNA binds at start codon AUG; 3) large subunit binds so f-met is at the P-site, a specific place on the subunit |
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Large ribosome subunit |
A, P, and E sites |
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STOP! |
Hammertime! |
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Initiation (eukaryotes) |
1) met tRNA, initial factors and small subunits combine 2) mRNA bind in Kozak consensus sequence containing start codons AUG; 3) large subunit binds so met-tRNA is positioned at P-site |
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Elongation (Prokaryote and Eukaryote) |
1) amino acid-tRNA enters at the A-site of the large ribosome subunit; 2) transpeptidation=peptide bond formed between adjacent amino acids at A site, breakes bonds between amino acids and tRNA at P-site; 3)translocation- ribosome moves over one codon relative to mRNA |
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peptidyl transferase |
(catylyzed by rRNA- ribozyme of large subunit) bonds adjacent amino acids |
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la di da di da...la di da di da.. |
what's the name of that song... |
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Termination (prokaryotes and Eukaryotes) |
1) ribosome translocate so STOP codon enters A-site; 2) release factor inds to stop codon, no amino acid tRNA can recognize it 3) peptidyl transferase breaks bond between amino acid and tRNA at f-site releasing the polypeptide chain (protein) 4) recycling factors bind to split mRNA and ribosome subunits |
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Posttranslational processing (Eukaryotes) |
Process to make proteins work: 1. signal sequence cleaved (secretory and membrane proteins-->rER (rough endoplasmic reticulum); 2. enzymatically cut (pro- protein-->proteins) 3. chemical modification -carbohydrates--> glycoproteins -targeting and sequestering -prosthetic groups |
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regulation of gene expression (prokaryotes) |
operon theory, example: Lac operon controls expression of genes for lactose metabolism, lactose (dissacharide) is glucose and galactose |
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glucose presence |
if it is present, cAMP in cells go down; if absent, cAMP in cells go up |
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CAP=catabloic activator protein |
also called CRP, a cAMP receptor protein, works as an activator |
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when glucose is low |
and cAMP is high, it can bind to the cap site, it's active. it's an RNA polymerase helper, promotes transcription |
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my glucose level is low... |
..and I'm falling asleep...I need food... |
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