Set: chem hons s1!

Familiarize

Learn

Test

Play Scatter

Play Space Race
Combine with other sets Login to add to Favorites
Print: Term List | Flashcards Editing not allowed
Export Deleting not allowed

Sharing

With group: None (edit)
HTML link to set: Plain link:
Share on Facebook Share on MySpace

All 123 Terms

Term Definition
chemical reaction change from reactants to products; rearrangement of bonds between atoms
mixture blend of 2 or more substances
homogeneous mixture uniform composition; same throughout; "one phase"
heterogeneous not uniform composition; 2 or more phases
element simplest form of matter
law of conservation of mass matter cannot be created nor destroyed (it can be rearranged to form new bonds)
observation observe with senses
interpretation judgment about an observation
compound 2 or more elements chemically combined that can only be separated with a chemical reaction
error accepted value - experimental value
percent error (absolute value of error/accepted value) x 100%
accuracy how close a measurement is to the "true" value
precision how close a set of measurements is to each other
density mass/volume
specific gravity compares density of substance to density of a reference substance
density of water 1g or 1 mL
absolute zero 0 K, or -273 degrees celcius; all molecular motion stops
mole 6.02 x 10^23 representative particles/mole
molar mass the mass of one mole of any substance; atomic mass in grams
22.4 L 1 mole of any gas at STP
standard temperature and pressure STP
percent mass (mass of element in compound/molar mass of compound) x 100%
empirical formula lower whole number ratio of atoms of the elements in a compound
molecular formula "real" formula; same as or some whole number multiple of the empirical formula
OKAY! KNOW HOW TO CALCULATE EMPIRICAL/MOLECULAR FORMULA. OKAY?!
combination reaction 2 things combine to form 1 thing
decomposition reaction 1 thing turns into 2 things
single replacement reaction element + compound turns into new compound + element
double replacement reaction rxn where given 2 compounds, cations trade places
combustion reaction rxn that involves burning something in oxygen
hydrocarbon CHO
isotope atoms with differing numbers of neutrons; differing masses
alpha particle helium particle; decreases atomic number by 2, mass by 4, neutrons by 2
beta particle converts neutrons into protons; increases atomic number by 1; no mass; decreases neutrons by 1
positron converts protons into neutrons; decreases atomic number by 1; no mass; increases number of neutrons by 1
gamma radiation usually emitted w/ alpha + beta particles; electromagnetic radiation; no mass, no charge=no change in mass when emitted
alpha emission radiation: cannot penetrate dead skin, paper; can penetrate soft tissue
beta emission radiation: can be stopped by wood/aluminum foil
gamma emission radiation: can be stopped by several inches of Pb or concrete
half-life amount of time it takes for half the atoms of a radioactive isotope to decay to products
carbon dating determining the age of objects using the ratio of C-12 to C-14
transmutation the conversion of one element into another
transuranium elements elements with atomic numbers greater than 92; manmade; radioactive
fission reaction the splitting of a nucleus
number of molecules; number of moles what coefficients in chem rxns represent
limiting reactant reactant that runs out (determines amount of product formed)
excess reactant the reactant that is left over
percent yield (actual yield/theoretical yield) x 100%
kinetic theory theory: particles in all states of matter are in constant motion
kinetic energy energy of motion
potential energy stored energy (chemical energy)
elastic collision energy is transferred totally from one particle to another
gas pressure the force exerted by gas particles (in motion) hitting a body
pressure force/area
vacuum no particles (air) --> no force --> no pressure
atmospheric pressure pressure caused by gas particles in air/atmosphere
barometer measures atmospheric air pressure
760 mm Hg; 101.3 kPa 1 atmosphere
1/2 mv^2 kinetic energy formula
evaporation a cooling process; molecules at a higher temperature leave to become gas, cooler particles left over
perspiration sweating
vapor pressure pressure due to the gas above the liquid
boiling point when vapor pressure = atmospheric pressure
melting point temp at which a solid melts and becomes a liquid
unit cell smallest group of particles within a crystal which retains the geometric shape of the crystal
allotrope different molecular forms of the same element in the same physical state
amorphous solids solids which lack an ordered internal structure (rubber, glass)
crystalline solid have orderly arrangement of atoms, ions, molecules that make up the solid
critical point liquid and gas indistinguishable (super critical fluid)
triple point where all three phases coexist
thermochemistry the study of heat changes that occur during a reaction
energy the capacity to do work or the ability to supply heat
heat energy that is transferred from one substance to another due to temperature differences; can't measure it directly (only its effects)
thermoequilibrium heat stops moving; heat moves from hot to cold until the temps are equal
positive q value heat flows into system; heat is absorbed; "endothermic"; takes in heat; feels cold
negative q value heat flowing out of system; heat released; "exothermic"; feels warm
law of conservation of energy energy cannot be created nor destroyed
Calorie amount of energy required to raise 1g water 1degree Celcius
specific heat amount of energy required to raise 1g of a SUBSTANCE 1 degree celcius
Q = CMAT Q=CMAT
heat capacity amount of energy (heat) required to raise temp of a specific OBJECT
specific heat x mass of a substance equation for heat capacity
hess' law if 2 or more chemical rxns combine to give a final equation then you can add the deltaH values to get the final deltaH
democritus coined "atom"
dalton's atomic theory all elements composed of atoms; diff properties of diff elements can be explained by fact that diff atoms are fundamentally diff; each element made from 1 kind of atom; atoms of diff elements combine in whole number ratios to form compounds; chem rxns change how atoms bonded to each other
atom smallest particle of an element that retains properties of that element
jj thomson discovered electron; cathode ray tube; plum pudding model
millikan oil drop experiment: determined exact charge of electron; found mass of electron = 1/1840 mass of H atom
golstein discovered proton
chadwick discovered neutron
1 mass of proton; mass of neutron
rutherford discovered nucleus; bombarded gold foil with pos alpha particles
(% abundance) x (mass of 1 isotope) + (% abundance) x (mass of 1 isotope) average atomic mass
dmitri mendeleev developed periodic table (arranged elements by mass, similar properties)
mosely arranged elements by atomic number
periodic law certain properties of elements repeat periodically when arranged by atomic number
neils bohr planetary model: electrons move in fixed paths aroun nucleus, have fixed energy
schrodinger wrote mathematical equation for location of electron; based on probability
energy levels areas around nucleus where electrons most likely to be found
aufbau principle electron enters orbitals with lower energy first
pauli exclusion principle orbitals may hold at most two electrons; must have opposite spins
hund's rule electrons going into orbitals w/ same energy fill one electron per orbital all with same spins
isoelectronic having the same electron configuration
electromagnetic radiation energy; travels in waves; visible light is a small section of spectrum
lambda symbol for wavelength
nu symbol for frequency
3.0 x 10^8 m/s speed of light = c = speed of electromagnetic radiation in a vacuum
planck scientist who related energy of a wave to its frequency
E = h x nu planck's constant where h = 6.62 x 10^-34
photon light quanta
photoelectric effect shine light on metal to observe effects
frequency color
amplitude brightness
lambda = h/mv debroglie equation
heisenberg uncertainty principle can't know an object's position and motion at the same time
shielding effect electrons closer to nucleus shield outer electrons from nuclear pull
molecular compound electrons shared; 2 non-metals; low melting/boiling points; liquid or gas at room temp
ionic compound electrostatic attraction; metal + nonmetal; high melting/boiling points; crystalline solids at room temp
binary compound compound ending in -ide; only has 2 elements in it
polyatomic ions tightly bound groups of atoms that behave as a unit and carry a charge
representative unit formula unit (like a "molecule)
metallic bond attraction of valence electron for positively charge metal ion; bond b/t 2 metals
alloy mixture of 2 or more elements, one of which is a metal

Set Information

Terms 123
Creator teefany
Created January 17, 2008
Groups None
Tags None
Access Anyone
Edit Creator Only

Description

saratoga high chem hons final semester 1

Pop out

Discuss

teefany : Changed ernest rutherford → discovered nucleus; bombarded gold foil with pos alpha particles to rutherford → discovered nucleus; bombarded gold foil with pos alpha particles
teefany : Changed molecular compounds → electrons shared; 2 non-metals; low melting/boiling points; liquid or gas at room temp to molecular compound → electrons shared; 2 non-metals; low melting/boiling points; liquid or gas at room temp
teefany : Changed james chadwick → discovered neutron to chadwick → discovered neutron
teefany : Changed crystalline solids → have orderly arrangement of atoms, ions, molecules that make up the solid to crystalline solid → have orderly arrangement of atoms, ions, molecules that make up the solid
teefany : Changed ionic compounds → electrostatic attraction; metal + nonmetal; high melting/boiling points; crystalline solids at room temp to ionic compound → electrostatic attraction; metal + nonmetal; high melting/boiling points; crystalline solids at room temp
teefany : Changed e. golstein → discovered proton to golstein → discovered proton
teefany : Changed hess law → if 2 or more chemical rxns combine to give a final equation then you can add the deltaH values to get the final deltaH to hess' law → if 2 or more chemical rxns combine to give a final equation then you can add the deltaH values to get the final deltaH
teefany : Changed standard temp & pressure → STP to standard temperature and pressure → STP
teefany : Changed henry mosely → arranged elements by atomic number to mosely → arranged elements by atomic number
teefany : Changed robert millikan → oil drop experiment: determined exact charge of electron; found mass of electron = 1/1840 mass of H atom to millikan → oil drop experiment: determined exact charge of electron; found mass of electron = 1/1840 mass of H atom
teefany : Changed max planck → related energy of a wave to its frequency to max planck → scientist who related energy of a wave to its frequency
teefany : Changed law of concervation of energy → energy cannot be created nor destroyed to law of conservation of energy → energy cannot be created nor destroyed
teefany : Changed max planck → scientist who related energy of a wave to its frequency to planck → scientist who related energy of a wave to its frequency
Last Message: 9 months ago

You must be logged in to discuss this set.

Top Users

  1. teefany - 217 scores
  2. Court16 - 1 score

Most Missed Words

  1. 1/2 mv^2 → kinetic energy formula - 4 misses
  2. specific heat x mass of a substance → equation for heat capacity - 4 misses
  3. golstein → discovered proton - 4 misses
  4. rutherford → discovered nucleus; bombarded gold foil with pos alpha particles - 4 misses
  5. neils bohr → planetary model: electrons move in fixed paths aroun nucleus, have fixed energy - 4 misses
  6. 3.0 x 10^8 m/s → speed of light = c = speed of electromagnetic radiation in a vacuum - 4 misses
  7. E = h x nu → planck's constant where h = 6.62 x 10^-34 - 4 misses