 | Term | Definition |
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Describe the ultimate task of all the explorations launched by the Europeans from the 14th century onward. |
To find a sea link between Europe and Asia |
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Name whose voyages of exploration opened the way for the Europeans to the Indies. |
Vasco De Gama |
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List the sources of disappointment to the Europeans who arrived in Asia in the 16th and 17th centuries. |
Few asian people interested in Christianity |
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Explain what factor convinced the Europeans that they could make little headway against the kingdoms of Asia. |
They quickly realized that however feisty and well-armed they might be, they were far too few in numbers to make much headway |
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Explain the Portuguese lesson learned at Calicut. |
That Asia was not interested in products they had to offer |
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Explain the initial Portuguese response to the encounter at Calicut. |
They had to tap their small supply of silver and discovered that Asian merchants would accept it. Meant that they had been beaten by the Muslims. |
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Name the peoples who had preceded the Portuguese in entering the markets of South and Southeast Asia. |
Muslims |
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Name the products that were associated with the Arab zone of the Asian sea trading network. |
Glass, Carpet, and Tapestries |
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Name the products that were associated with the Indian zone of the Asian sea trading network. |
Cotton Textiles |
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Name the products that were associated with the Chinese zone of the Asian sea trading network. |
Paper, Porcelain , Silk Textiles |
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Explain the significance of the mainland kingdoms and island states of Southeast Asia that surrounded the 3 great manufacturing zones of the Asian sea trading network. |
They fed mainly raw materials, precious metals, and forest materials into the trade network |
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Name the raw material most highly valued in the Asian sea trading network. |
Spices |
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Name the item that was most likely to be exchanged within the ports of each of the main trading zone rather than over great distances between zones. |
Rice, Livestock, Timber |
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Explain the nature of the sea routes in the Asian trading network. |
No central Control, military force was usually absent from commercial exchanges within. Established coastal routes, crucial landmarks. |
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Name the place which was one of the crucial points in the Asian sea trading network where trade converged. |
Red Sea, Persian Gulf, Straits of Malacca |
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Describe the nature of the Asian sea trading network. |
Livelihood and to make profits for princes or merchants. Exchanges within system were peaceful. Informal rules over the centuries for commercial and culture |
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Explain why the Portuguese were unwilling to exchange bullion for products within the Asian commercial system. |
They were unwilling to both follow the informal rules and to forgo the possibilities for profit that a sea route to Asia presented |
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Explain why the Portuguese believed that they could successfully enter the Asian sea trading by force. |
They could offset their lack of numbers and trading goods with their superior ships and weaponry |
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Name the sea battle that the Portuguese won over a combined fleet of Egyptian and Indian vessels in 1509. |
Diu |
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Name the fortified trading port established by the Portuguese in the early 16th centur |
Malacca |
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Name the trade that the Portuguese intended to monopolize within the Asian trading network. |
They intended to monopolize over key asian products: spices (e.g. cinnamon) |
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Explain how successful the Portuguese monopoly was on the Asian products. |
They managed for some decades to manage the flow of spices, which would fund their plans for empire. But control of the market and key condiments deluded them |
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Name the country that succeeded the Portuguese as the most successful European entrant into the Asian sea trading network. |
The country of Holland. |
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Name where the chief Dutch trading fortress and port are located in Southeast Asia. |
At Batavia on the island of Java |
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Explain how the Dutch commercial strategy within the Asian trade network differed from that of the Portuguese. |
Had more numerous, better armed ships and went about the business of monopoly control in a more systematic control. Wiped out island people who cultivated the spices. |
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Explain how the Dutch and English participation within the Asian sea trading network changed by the middle decades of the 17th century. |
The demand for spices declined and their futile efforts to gain control over crops such as pepper that were grown in many places became more and more expensive |
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Name the treaty in 1757 that reduced the Javanese princes to vassals to the Dutch East India Company. |
Treaty of Gijanti |
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Name the area of the Philippines that the Spanish were able to conquer. |
LuZon |
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Name the groups that the Roman Catholic missionaries enjoyed some success. |
American Indian peoplez |
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Name the Jesuit missionary that was responsible for creating the strategy of converting Hindu elites as a means of achieving mass conversions. |
Robert Di nobili |
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Name the similarity of the Spanish conversion of the Filipinos to their experience in the Americas. |
They converted the local leaders and directed them to build local settlements in town squares where the local church was. Like Iberia. Like the American Indian people, most people were formally converted to Catholicism both were blends.. |
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List the European contributions to the Asian sea trading network. |
European’s need for safe harbors led to the establishment of trading centers. Also resulted in the gradual decline of existing cultures. Added several new routes to Asian trading network. Sea warfare was introduced. |
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Name the first Ming emperor of China |
Zhu Yuan Zhang |
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List the reforms introduced by the first Ming emperor. |
Allowed scholars into high places, made the education system better |
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Name the reform instituted by the first Ming emperor to reduce court factionalism and the power of the scholar-gentry. |
To cut on it, he said that the emperor’s wives could only come from peasantry. He warned against allowing UNIX to enter the city. Established practice of exiling all potential threats. |
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List the Ming reforms in favor of the peasantry. |
Lowered forced labor demands on peasantry, promoted silk and craft that provided sustenance. He decreed that unoccupied lands would become the tax exemptions of those who got the land and cultivated it. |
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Characterize the Ming social organization. |
Scholar-Gentry began to take control again. |
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List the reasons that are in part responsible for the peopling of the Yangtze region in the southern part of China during the Ming era. |
Given a great boost by the importation of new crops from the Americas |
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Name where the foreigners were permitted to do business in China during the Ming era. |
Yangtze Region |
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Describe the Ming economy. |
The market sector of the domestic economy was very pervasive and overseas tradin multiplied, because of china’s advanced handicraft industries produced a wide variety of goods from silk textiles and tea to ceramics that were in high demand. China was in favor. Merchant classes benefited the mozt |
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In terms of literature, name the chief accomplishment of the Ming era. |
The Chinese novel developed, their achievements in the arts were impressive |
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Name the Ming emperor who launched commercial expeditions to Southeast Asia |
Yung Glo |
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Explain why the Chinese abandoned the commercial voyages of the Zhenghe expeditions. |
Basically there wasn’t very many tangible returns,and it was argued that they were a luxury that the empire couldn’t afford |
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Explain how the Jesuit missionaries maintained their positions at the court of the Ming emperors. |
Their scientific knowledge and technical skills were the keys to maintaining a prescence, astounding the scholar gentry and emperor |
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Name the group who successfully asserted its control over China following the collapse of the Ming dynasty |
Jurchens or Manchus |
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Name the dynasty that succeeded the Ming in China. |
Qing |
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Name the military centralizers of Japan. |
Nobunga, Toyotomi Hideyoshi, Tokugawa Ieyasu. |
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Name the year that the Tokugawa Shogunate was founded. |
1603 |
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Explain why the earliest of the Japanese military centralizers accepted Christian missionaries. |
Because Nobunga delighted in wearing Western clothes and all things western appealed to him. |
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List the policies imposed as a result of Japanese isolation in the 17th century. |
Strong Chinese and Japanese rulers limited trading contacts with the aggressive Europeans and confined European merchants to a few ports, change mainly arouse from internal factors. Continuity was ensured by the persistence of centuries-old cultural and social patterns and techniques of handling alien intruders. Promising missionary inroads were stifled and contained. |
