Set: World history midterm- hersom!!!

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All 107 Terms

Term Definition
maya the belief that the world known to our senses is merely an illusion
Menes a pharaoh who united Egypt
Hyksos conquered Egypt for some time and introduced horse-drawn chariots and other tools. may have enslaved egyptians and treated women and children badly. A group of leaders and rebels created an army and pushed the Hyksos out of egypt
Hannibal Carthaginian general who crossed the Alps and fought the Romans with clever strategy and unusual tactics. Used elephants in battle but did not conquer Rome due to lack of seige equipment. Defeated by the roman general scipio after luring Hanibal back to his hometown.
hieroglyphics writing using symbols and characters. Each symbol stands for a separate word. Over 600 characters
caravan a group of people, usually traders, who travel together for safety
cavalry armed soilders on horses
ziggurat Sumerian temple, resembles "a stairway to heaven"
Chaldeans foreigners who conquered Jerusalem in 587 B.C.E.
Zoroaster Reformed the Persian religion
Lydians invented coined money in 600 B.C.E.
Octavian Ruled with Marc Antony. While Antony took the east, he took the west. Octavian then turned on Antony and Cleopatra. Antony and Cleopatra seeing no escape committed suicide. He gave himself the title Augustus or "the revered one". AKA Augustus Caesar. refered to as the first Roman emperor. Launched a series of new military conquests and expanded the empire from Spain to Syria and from Danube river to Egypt.
battle of Teutoburg Forest where Octavian suffered a defeat that ended their expansion into Germany.
consuls 2 were elected each year. Served as chief executives who ran the government and acted as military commandars. Appointed dictators. the 2 could veto each other and this veto is still used today in order to maintain the system of checks and balances.
praetors officials that helped the consuls. Like in times of war the ____ would command armies and in times of peace the ______ would oversee the legal system.
plebeians all other citizens besides the powerful aristocratic class
legion a military unit consisting of 4,500 to 6,000 soilders
paterfamilias head male of a Chinese family. Authority to pick girls' husbands and approves marriage and shit like that
equites business and landowning people of Rome. Shared great wealth because of trade and political influence.
Constantine Roman emperor, being a Christian he made Christianity Rome's main religion thus saving the newborn sect
oracles A special sanctuary in which the Gods spoke through priest or priestesses to the people usually revealing answers to questions about the future.
4 features All Greek city-states have in common 1) small size. usually 30 to 500 sq. miles 2) small pop. Most city-states had a total pop. including slave, noncitizens, metics, citizens of less than 10,000 ppl 3) Setting on a hill or acropolis 4) public meeting place or an agora
Minoans inhabitants of Crete. King Minos was king there with massive palaces with hundreds of rooms and a giant creature who was imprisoned in a labyrinth. Wrote in Linear A and linear B. Running water, Bull Vaulting, frescoes, ivory stone gold silver and bronze artifacts. Depended on the sea for their food and dominated the Aegean islands. Excellent sailors and traders. Strong Navy so much so that the kings did not even bother with city fortifications. This civilization went extinct when a volcanic eruption sent giant tidal waves crashing into their city creating destruction and much chaos. Although they rebuilt they never fully recovered their strength until the Indo-Europeans flushed theeeeem out
Dorians Moved into the Peloponnesian area around 110 B.C.E. Illiterate people
Mycenaeans Spoke an Indo-European language. Organized into clans and tribes. dominated the Greek mainland for 400 years. Built fortified cities in Peloponnesus and the southern part of Greece. Built cities like Mycenae, Tiryns, and Pylos. Warlike people conquered Crete and adopted many of their customs like linear B.
ephors 5 overseers who served 1 year terms to monitor the kings and citizens.
rhetoric the study of oratory, or public speaking, and debating
pedagogue male slave who took care of a boy from the age of seven, went everywhere with him including to school.
patricians the powerful aristocratic class that controlled Roman government and society
Nero a Judio-Claudian Emperor ruled from 54- 68 A.D. believed to have started the Great Fire of Rome then to have blamed it on the Christians.
Marc Antony Ruled the east while Octavian ruled the west. Defeated by Octavian because the greek senate declared war on them due to Octavians supporting words. Committed suicide with Cleopatra after seeing no escape
Tiberius appointed his favorite horse as consul. Murdered in A.D. 41. Adopted son of Augustus
Claudius an intelligent and scholarly man who conquered Britain. It is believed that his wife, Agrippina, poisoned him with tainted mushrooms
Trajan brought the empire to its largest size. About the size of the U.S. of A.
Hadrian supported the arts. Built a huge wall around the border and encouraged frontier peoples to enter the army. He gave up many of the areas that Trajan had acquired in Asia.
Minotaur A giant creature that King Minos allegedly imprisoned in an underground labyrinth. Half human and half bull.
frescoes paintings made on wet plaster walls.
archons 9 rulers who served a 1 year term in office and appointed all other officials and made all the laws. The laws were never written down and were interpreted and applied by judges, or a group of nobles.
Solon An Athenian statesman known for his economic and political reforms. Became an archon and mediated the dispute between debtors and creditors. He canceled the debts of the poor, outlawed enslavement for debt, and freed those who had been enslaved for nonpayment. Limited aristocratic power and created a citizens court where one could appeal an unfavorable decision made by a judge in front of regular citizens.
Peisistratus Seized power from Solon and exiled nobles who disagreed with him. He also distributed those nobles' land to poor farmers in need.
Aristotle He received his education from his father and uncle before attending The Academy
Draco Served as archon and is given credit for Athenian's first written law code. But his law's were very harsh and severe.
The Council of Five Hundred made up of 500 people 50 from each tribe. Members served for one year terms and could serve only twice. They proposed laws to the assembly and met at least 10 times a year. They were the source of ultimate authority.
direct democracy In which all citizens participated directly in making decisions. Such as Athens
representative democracy In which the citizens elect representative who in turn run the government while representing them.
Herodotus known as "father of History"
Helots People of Sparta who were conquered and enslaved by Dorian invaders
Plato creator of the first westernized school The Academy
Agora market place, also a public meeting place for Greek citizens
Socrates he was asked to stop mingling with the young aristocrats of Athens and when he refused to do so, he was forced to end his life by drinking hemlock
Phidias sculptor who designed the statue by Zeus at the Temple of Olympia
Demosthenes Athenian orator who opposed Philip II of Macedon
Cleisthenes ruler who turned Athens into a direct democracy
Cosmologists intellectuals who searched for an explanation about the universe
Philip II of Macedon created the first paid regular army
Terracing creating plots of land by building walls on hillsides and filling them in with soil
Hippocrates Can be considered the father of medicine
Xerxes Persian leader that burned Athens
Epics long poems describing heroes and great events
One characteristic of Greek art during the golden age was that it glorified Humans
The Parthenon stands at the top of the Acropolis
Aeschylus A greek playwright
Euuriphides A greek playwright
Sophocles A greek playwright
an organization of infantry into tightly spaced rows of soilders equipped with pikes Phalanx
Alexandar the Great conquered territory as far east as the: Indus River
Hellenistic society included a middle class that thrived because trade expanded
Cynics people that scorned pleasure, wealth, and social position were
To become hellenized is to adopt the Greek ways
Theodora the wife of Justinian, she helped to improve the status of women in the Byzantinian Empire and encouraged her husband to stay in Constntinople and fight the Nike Revolt.
Rurik Rus military leader and legendary first king of the Russians
Yaroslav the Wise ruler who codified law during the 1000'
Boyars nobles of Kievan Russia
Pravada Russkaia Russia's first law code
Veche town meeting
Vladamir ruler who converted to Orthodox Christianity and adopted it as the primary church in Kievan Russia
Taiga Forest region of northern Russia
steppe vast, treeless plain in Eurasia
Ideals expressed in Greek art during the golden age harmony, balance, order, and moderation
reason why the Peloponnesian War began Economic rivalries among Greek city-states
Upanishads complex philosophical explanations of the Vedic religion
Ramayana tells the story of two royal heroic figures, Rama and his wife, Sita
Bhagavad Gita the last 18 chapters of the Mahabharata stresses the idea that conducting oneself properly according to one's status in life marks the highest fulfillment in life
karma positive or negative force generated by a person's actions, which will determine their status in the next life
nirvana the perfect peace that releases the soul from the endless cycle of reincarnation
monism the belief that God and human beings are one
how did geography impact the development of the city states? mountains, rivers, and lakes proved a problem as they prevented unity between the Greek city states but provided a natural barrier
Sanskrit the indo-ayrian language
principal crops of the Indo-Gangetic Plain cotton and rice
Vedas books of sacred knowledge, religious rituals, and hyms
Brahmins vedic priests who knew the proper forms and rules for religious rituals and ceremonies
Varuna the chief god of the Vedic religion
raja prince who ruled each indian city-state, acting as military leader, chief priest, lawmaker, and a judge.
David responsible for uniting the 12 tribes of Israel
Nebuchadnezzar Ruler of the Chaldeans
Phoenicians were considered to be the world's greatest traders
Neolithic Revolution refers to the shift from food gathering to food producing
division of labor when people in a society each perform different jobs
Hittites were known for being the first people to use iron extensively for weapons
Alexandria a city in Egypt that had public meeting places such as theaters, libraries, and gymnasiums where men excercised and discussed important topics. Also the library had thousands of documents and was an available resource for many. To add to this there was also an education center and a trade center.
indemnity compensation paid to a nation for damages inflicted on it, as in war
Twelve Tables Roman Laws
Diocletian Known for dividing the Roman Empire in half
patriarchs bishops of empire cities
Collegia workers trade associations
Anarchy absence of any form of Government
Visigoths Germanic tribe that moved westward occupying land north of the Danube River

Set Information

Terms 107
Creator jazzdog2
Created January 20, 2008
Group Sophmores
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Most Missed Words

  1. Euuriphides → A greek playwright - 4 misses
  2. plebeians → all other citizens besides the powerful aristocratic class - 3 misses
  3. Trajan → brought the empire to its largest size. About the size of the U.S. of A. - 3 misses
  4. how did geography impact the development of the city states? → mountains, rivers, and lakes proved a problem as they prevented unity between the Greek city states but provided a natural barrier - 3 misses
  5. Hyksos → conquered Egypt for some time and introduced horse-drawn chariots and other tools. may have enslaved egyptians and treated women and children badly. A group of leaders and rebels created an army and pushed the Hyksos out of egypt - 2 misses
  6. Zoroaster → Reformed the Persian religion - 2 misses
  7. Lydians → invented coined money in 600 B.C.E. - 2 misses