| Term | Definition |
|
Umayyad |
661-750, Capital: Damascus - Characterized by Rapid expansion of Empire of Islam, Arabic Culture, 'People of the Book' |
|
Abbasid |
750-1265, Capital: Baghdad - Characterized by Learning/Scholarship, Economic Success, Trade. Succeeded Umayyad Dynasty. Ended when they were conquered by the Mongols. |
|
Ottoman |
1280-1914 - Declined because of the difficulty that arised from managing numerous groups / debt to France and England / economy suffered when Europeans found new trade routes |
|
Safavid |
Iranian Shiites, by the 1500s they were a chief rival of the Ottomans |
|
Eqypt |
3000 BC - Characterized by great learning and art (Nile Valley produced a great surplus that freed people up to pursue jobs other than farming) |
|
Kush |
3000 BC, Capital: Meroƫ - Similar to Egypt in Culture, Conquered Nubia, used Iron, lots of gold, trade, Egypt's Major Rival |
|
Axum |
350 AD - in modern day Ethiopia, lots of trade (ivory, gold, iron, emeralds, and spices), one of the first places to accept Christianity, trade declined with the rise of Islam |
|
Ghana |
6-11 Century - Center of trade across the Sahara, Islam and Arabic Language, wealth based on the gold-salt trade |
|
Mali |
1200s - Assumed Control of the Saharan Trade Routes, SUNDIATA - founder, MANSA MUSA - Pilgrimage to Mecca, Timbuktu: Center of Trade and Learnign |
|
Songhai |
1400s - Continued the gold-salt trade, SUNNI ALI - solidified government by putting in strong/smart leaders, invaded by Moroccans with guns |
|
Swahili City States |
1100s-1300s - Coast of East Africa; Swahili is a mix of Arabic and Bantu; traded mainly gold, copper, and ivory; goods from all over |