 | Term | Definition |
| |
Homoerectus |
man who walks upright |
| |
Neanderthal |
short stocky human, replaced by cromagnum |
| |
division of labor |
woman gathered, men hunted |
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old stone age |
paleolithic age, nomadic, hunting and gathering |
| |
new stone age |
neolithic age, agricultural revolution |
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jericho |
8500-7000 bc massive walls were blown down, settled by many people semetic hebrews, oldest city |
| |
civilization |
farming, herding, organized gov., organized religion, culture, writing |
| |
mesopotamia |
part of fertlie crescent, where sumerian people settled, birth of civilization, class system |
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bronze age |
period in which people used copper and tin, made tools and shields and weapons, propels civilization |
| |
Sumer |
wasnt an empire, each city rulle by king, 2000 gods-chief od, mud, polotheistic |
| |
Ur |
was main city of sumer, used canas and levees for farming, sumerian city when sagaon 1 dies along with the akadian dynasty it rises again |
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Ziggurat |
"hill of haven" center of sumerian city, the chief god lived in it. |
| |
Babylon |
biblical-tried to build a temple t reach god, but god was like you cant understand eachother, historical-city states, not empire, king for each city,HANGING GARDENS OF BABYLON |
| |
scribe |
write the history and stuff |
| |
epic of gilgamesh |
about a strong leader who was part god, where the ods got mad, slept around, part human part animal became best friends, killed bull god, female sent, Inkadu fll in love, gilgamesh is sad, seaches for eternal life-snae-dont fuck with the gods |
| |
Sargon1 |
king of akkad, conquered sumer first emperor, ruled for 50 years when he died it fell apart |
| |
akkad |
city state in akkadian empire |
| |
akkadians |
"Semitic people" north of the Sumerian city-states |
| |
ur-nammu |
first to write the laws for a city, since it is written it is harde to change |
| |
Babylonians |
conquered sumerians have a class system |
| |
hammurabi |
sixth king of babylon, first to write for an entire empire---eye for an eye |
| |
nile River |
longest river, gift of the nile, flooded egypt to keep it fertile---aluvian soil |
| |
papyrus |
read that when woven made paper |
| |
hieroglyphics |
second form of writing, pictographs |
| |
Rosetta stone |
black stone that had 3 different languages on it frnch dude discovered it. |
| |
Book of the dead |
instruction manuel on how to gt to the after life---maat |
| |
Maat |
final test the guy that would weigh your heart against a feather, way of life--- balance ad harmony |
| |
Menes |
united egypt--KING not pharoh of upper egypt, vreates capital---Memphis |
| |
Mustaba |
buried in sand |
| |
Memphis |
capiyal of the united egypt, easier to go up down river |
| |
Horus |
god of sky |
| |
Ra |
sun god |
| |
Osiris |
god of agriculture, ruler of death |
| |
pharoah |
means great house, king chief priest GOD |
| |
Old Kingdom |
founded by Menes, period of pyramids |
| |
Kufu |
perfect pyramid |
| |
Giza |
the perfect place for pyramids because of the enviroments---3 great pryramids---sphyninx |
| |
Middle Kingdom |
restuctured by he south, lower class protected, pharoh had less power, traded with outside countrys, gave shit to small people |
| |
Hyksos |
new invading group from turkey, |
| |
Asian |
shhh |
| |
New Kingdom |
reunited by atmose age of the pharoh |
| |
Hatsepsut |
ruled in place of stepson for 22 years, first pharoah to open up trade to Mesopotamia, |
| |
Tutmose III |
great pharoah, ruled egypt at its largest. Nubian, conquered qalestine and syria |
| |
Akhnaton |
Sickly king who changed the main god of egypt from something to aton.changed his name from akhnamen to akhnaton. lost support of priests. wife:nefertiti, 6daughters, 1son...king tut |
| |
Aton |
Sun god |
| |
Thebes |
City Akhnaton was the ruler of-Amun-Re to Aton |
| |
King Tutankhamen |
son of nefertiti, son of akhnaton-immediately changed god back uder pressure from priests (tomb discovery) |
| |
Ramses II |
moses story ruled for 67 years in the 13th cent. battled for territory of canaan the fight ended in tie. ---treat of hittities |
| |
Treaty of the Hittities |
First treaty in history, battle over Caanan |
| |
Cleopatra |
fucked all the bitches, last pharoah, ptolomy family(greek) |
| |
Indo-European |
Language family (french, farsi) all languages trace back to it |
| |
Hittites |
founded the iron age, took over the babylonian empire (used chariots) conquered by dorians |
| |
Dorians |
mysterious sea peoples, conquered hittites |
| |
Semites |
defined by language, made u the akkadian dynasty, palestine was semetic |
| |
Caananites |
palestian semites hebrews and phonecians |
| |
Phonecians |
advanced people group settled in modern day Lebanon, mASTERS OF TRADE invented the color purple |
| |
Phonetic alphabet |
22 letters |
| |
Carthage |
most dominant phonecian city, colonies each had political independence, fight three wars with rome, traded with rome alot |
| |
hebrews |
"dusty ones" monotheistic, abraham was father, from sumer |
| |
Yahweh |
god of hebrews |
| |
Abraham |
takes his people on a journey to caanan thousands of years of war |
| |
old testament |
times before jesus, torah |
| |
jacob |
grandson of Abraham, renamed israel |
| |
Monotheism |
the belief in one god |
| |
israel |
jerusalem capital, split into israel-Judea, bc of heavy taxes |
| |
King Saul |
first hebrew king |
| |
King Soloman |
built the temple of jerusalem, taxed heavily to finish temple--money in africa |
| |
King david |
deafeated goliath, coveted women, jerusalem became capital |
| |
Judah |
bottom half of israel when split fell to Chaldeans when temple was destroyed |
| |
assyrians |
semetic nomads that related to hebrews, adapted culture from babylonians, nomads, conquered egypt threw wars, aser main city, conquered mesopotamia, built roads, |
| |
Aramaic |
semetic language---hebrew alphabet |
| |
Asherbanipal-ul |
kicked ass, assyrian, recorded everything, built first library, 22,000 clay tablets |
| |
Chaldaens |
descendents of hammurabi, lots of people who did shit |
| |
Persians |
arians from india, now live in iran, greatest king was Cyrus |
| |
Nebuchadnezzer |
Chaldaen king, hanging gardens of babylon for wife, imported trees to make his own wate system |
| |
Iranians |
descendeants of the persians |
| |
King CYrus |
conquered the Chaldaens, lydians, and Medes, began the Immortals, pErsIAn |
| |
Immmortals |
wore purple, masks, the best fighters, so good and so many, if people died in battle the same amount would be back the next day, 10,000 soldiers made them up |
| |
King Darius |
ruled persia at its greatest, created the satraps and satrapies system |
| |
satraps |
rulers of satrapies under king darius |
| |
satrapies |
provinces under Darius |
| |
Zoaster |
prophet created religious system with two gods---ahura mazda...ahriman |
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