Set: Hasty Midterm Chem Definitions

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All 65 Terms

Term Definition
matter takes up space
mass amount of matter
substance mater that has uniform and definite composition
physical property observed or measured wthout changing composition
solid definite shape-volume
liquid shape of container and volume
gas shape+volume of container
vapor gas gas that usually a liquid or a solid at room temperature
physical changes alters substance without changing composition. ex-melt, freeze, oil, condense, crush
heterogenous mixture not uniform in composition. ex-soil, fruit salad, dirt
homogenous mixture uniform composition. ex toothpaste, bronze
Chemical properties describes chemical changes. ex - rust, rot, decay
density mass over volume
solution homogeneous mixture
mass # protons + neutrons
neutrons mass - protons, subatomic particle with no change
electrons the atomic#, equal to protons, negitivly charged substance particle
protons the atomic #, equal to electrons, positivly charged substance particle
isotope atoms of the same element with a different mass
atom smallest particle of an element that retains the properties of that element
Atomic mass the weighted average of the masses of the isotopes of an element
atomic number the number of protons iin the nucleus of an atom represented by the letter Z
Daltons Atomic Theroy a) all substancs were composoesd of tiny invinsible particles called atoms. b) atoms of the same element are identical. The atoms of any one element are different thant hose of any other element. c) Atoms of different elements can combine with one another in whole number ratios to compounds. d) chcemical reactions occur when atoms are seperated, joined, or rearranged
Law of conservation of masss in any physical or chemical reaction mass is neither created nor destroyed
Chemical property the ability of a substance to undergo chemical reactions and to form new substances
mixture a combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined
element a substance that cannot be changed into a simpler substance under normal laboratory conditions
compound a substance that can be seperated into simpler substances only by chemical reactions
alpha radiation consists of helium nuclei that have been emitted from a radioactive source,
alpha particles contain two protons and two neutrons and have a double positive charge
gamma radiation electromagnetic radiation
band of stability the stable nuclei on a neutron-vs-proton plot
half life the time requred for one half of the atons of a radioisotope to emit radiation and to decay to products
fission splitting of a nucelus into smaller fragments
beta radiation fast-moving electron emitted from certain radioactive nuclei, it is formed when a neutron decomposes
beta particles a fast moving electrons emitted from a certain radioactive nuclei, it is formed when a neutron decomposes
photon a quantum of light; a discrete bundle of electromagnetic energy that behaves as a particle
control rod a steel or aluminum rod that can be moved up or down to control the rate of the nuclear reaction
nuclear reactor A device where a chain reaction is maintained and controlled for the production of nuclear energy or radioactive isotopes.
nuclear reaction a process that alters the energy or structure or composition of atomic nuclei
fusion a reaction in which two light nuclei combine to produce a nucleus of heavier mass, accompained by the realease of a large amount of energy
periodic table elements that are arranged in rows and colums according to similarities in their properties
alkali metals any metal in group 1A on the periodic table
alkaline earth metals any metal in group 2A on the periodic table
transition metals the b group elements, innder transition mentals or rare earths
Halogens gasses within group 7A
noble gasses any member of a group of gaseous elements in group 0 of the periodic table; the s and p sublevels of their outermost energy level are filled
Ion atoms or groups of atoms that have a positive or negative charge
monatomic ion an ion formed from a single atom.
polyatomic ion tightly bound groups of atoms that behave as a unit and carry a charge
Mole 6.022 X 10^23 representative particles of a substance
avogadro's number 6.02 X 10^23
molar mass mass of one mole of any element or compound
empirical formula lowest whole number ratio of the elements in a compound
molecular formula a chemical formula that shows the actual number and kinds of atoms present in a molecule of a compound
STP 0 degrees C.
percent mass mass of a certain element compared to the mass of the compound
catalyst a substance that speeds up a reaction without being used up
coefficients a small whole number ratio that appears in front of a formula in an equation
activity series of metals lits metals in order of decreasing reactivity
crystals atoms, ions, or molectules are arranged in an orderly repeating three dimensional pattern
boling point temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid is just equal to the external pressure
vapor pressure vaporized particles collide with the walls of a sealed containor
evaporation vaporization of an uncontained liquid
sublimination the change of a substance from a solid to a gas or vapor without passing through the liquid state

Set Information

Terms 65
Creator morgjaf
Created January 22, 2008
Group CHS 10th Grade Midterm
Tags tasty, review, packet, midterm, hasty, chemistry, chem
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iceangel32992 : this is going to save my life... or my grade in Chem
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Most Missed Words

  1. Atomic mass → the weighted average of the masses of the isotopes of an element - 5 misses
  2. beta radiation → fast-moving electron emitted from certain radioactive nuclei, it is formed when a neutron decomposes - 5 misses
  3. mass # → protons + neutrons - 4 misses
  4. Daltons Atomic Theroy → a) all substancs were composoesd of tiny invinsible particles called atoms. b) atoms of the same element are identical. The atoms of any one element are different thant hose of any other element. c) Atoms of different elements can combine with one another in whole number ratios to compounds. d) chcemical reactions occur when atoms are seperated, joined, or rearranged - 4 misses
  5. alpha particles → contain two protons and two neutrons and have a double positive charge - 4 misses
  6. beta particles → a fast moving electrons emitted from a certain radioactive nuclei, it is formed when a neutron decomposes - 4 misses
  7. nuclear reactor → A device where a chain reaction is maintained and controlled for the production of nuclear energy or radioactive isotopes. - 4 misses