 | Term | Definition |
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Virgil |
the poet that wrote the history of rome---the Aeneid |
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the Aenid |
the story that established the beginning of Rome written by Virgil |
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Aenes |
the founder of rome, related to the brothers who founded rome |
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Romulus |
the brother that became the first king of rome after he killed his brother |
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Remus |
the brother that was killed, who was supposed to be the actual brother to rule rome--the bids hill, head |
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Paletine Hill |
the hill where romulus established his kingdom |
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Latium |
the place where the Latins lived in Rome |
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Mars |
god of WAR |
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Rape of the Sabines |
when men from rome go to Sabine, have parties, and steal the women |
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7 kings |
romulus was the first, the last three were etruscanthis ends when sextus rapes lucretia |
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tarquinius superbus |
last etruscan king father of sextus |
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sextus tarqunius |
the son of tarquinius, raped lucretia, what wht followed was the end of etruscan rule |
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Lucretia |
a roman womn who sextus raped her which starts a revoluion, she commits suicide |
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Latins |
the people from Latium |
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Etruscans |
the last three kings of rome until lucretia is raped, conquered rome in 616 BC, glataorial games, |
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graecia |
"great greece", the larger part of greece |
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senate |
SPQR, 300 patricians, serve for life |
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patricians |
the rich upper class of rome, descendants of the original roman familys |
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plebians |
the merchant class of rome |
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assembly |
patricians and plebians gathered to discuss laws, nothing rellay got done, voted for higher positions |
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tribunes |
10 elected plebians who represented the plebians, little powr, reported their ideas/concerns to the senate |
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Consuls |
2 military leaders, led the gov. inforced laws, can serve as dictators for up to six months |
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12 tables |
public list of rules and laws |
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lycinian-sextian laws |
the law that said that one of the consuls had to be a plebian |
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struggle of the orders |
plebians could now vote and make laws |
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Latin league |
after tarquinius is removed this is made to unify rome and thier army |
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Gauls |
brits celtics, scots, and gaelics |
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Roman army |
legions-basic unit of 4500 to 6000 soldiers. loyal, well-trained, disciplined, highly organized |
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Legions |
a group of 2,000 soldiers, differnet ones of these made up the roman army |
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Pyrrhus |
king of Epirus, defeated the Romans in two battles in spite of staggering losses (319-272 BC) |
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Punic wars |
a series of three wars fought against carthage by rome |
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Carthage |
City located in present-day Tunisia, founded by Phoenicians ca. 800 B.C.E. It became a major commercial center and naval power in the western Mediterranean until defeated by Rome in the third century B.C.E. (p. 107) |
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Sicily |
a part of italy, that was the biggest threat to rome during the Punic Wars |
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hannibal |
the leader of the carthaginian army during the second punic war |
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corsica |
an island that rome obtained after the first punic war |
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Scipio Africanus |
the leader of the roman army during the second punic rome, attacked carthage to get hannibal out of rome |
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macedonian war |
rome vs. the greeks a series of wars |
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Tiberius gracchus |
the first gracchi brother who was plebian, strted to defy sentae, made laws to distribute laws to plebians |
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Gaius Gracchus |
the second gracchi brother who said he would pass laws without the senate, had a pesonal rmy, wanted to avenge his brother |
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age of strong men |
102 years of violence in rome, slave rebel, civil wars |
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sulla |
civil war with marius, officer in marius army, military reforms--power to the senate |
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gauis marius |
recruited poor farmers to be in the army, first to begin to unify rome |
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pompey |
lieutenant of sull, rid the medditeraninan of pirates, part of the first triumverate, senate refused to take his land because they thought he would get to powerful |
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Crassus |
died in paletine, hated pompey but fought with him, part of the first triumverate |
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julius caesar |
from a prominant fam. plebian, captured by pirtes, contradicts maximus-the highest priest, wouldnt let him become a consol thought hed be to powerful |
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First Triumvirat |
made up of Jlius Cesear, Gnaeus Pompey, Marcus Licinius Crassus |
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Cleopatra |
Leader of Egypt who slept with everyone and her children caused problems when heirs were needed. |
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Caesarion |
love child of Cleopatra and Caesar. he was the legit heir of Rome after Julius died so he was murdered to prevent him from becoming leader |
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Brutus |
statesman of ancient Rome who (with Cassius) led a conspiracy to assassinate Julius Caesar |
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Cassius |
prime mover in the conspiracy against Julius Caesar |
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Second Triumvirat |
Marc Antony, Marcus Lepidus, and Octavian |
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Octavian |
real name Augustus Caesar, Formed Second Triumvirate in 43BC with Antony and Lepidus after Caesar’s death,reduced power of the Senate, began a period known as Pax Romana or Roman Peace |
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Marc Antony |
One of Caesar’s generals, Falls in love with Cleopatra, He and Cleopatra declare war on Rome in 31 BC which they lose, member of second triumvirate. |
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Marcus Lepidus |
Member of the 2nd triumvirat, who after attempting to steal Octavian's land had to ive up his own as punishment. |
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Augustus |
Honorific name of Octavian, founder of the Roman Principate, the military dictatorship that replaced the failing rule of the Roman Senate. new name for the ruler of Rome |
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Imperetor |
Name for a leader of the Roman empire |
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Reforms of Augustus |
created a loyal army, created veteran's pensions, made conquered people citizens, established praetorian guard |
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praetorian guards |
installed 9000 body guards that were stationed to protect the emperor. |
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family reforms |
Augustus' reforms to reinstate traditional values of the family (tax breaks for marriages and large families. adultery is outlawed) |
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pax romana |
200 year period of peace in Rome. |
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Caligula |
Augustus' grandson, no one could look down at his balding head, liked torture, affairs with his sister, assassinated by his own guards |
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Tiberius |
Morbid, vengeful, suspicious, exiled himself |
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Claudius |
Caligula's uncle- 4 wives that mentally abused him, poisoned by one, he takes part of Britain for Rome |
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Nero |
Grandson of Claudius' brother. blames Christian for great fire of Rome, and makes a pathway out of dead bodies |
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Trajan |
professional soldier from Spain, first non-italian emperor, brought Rome to its height (about the size of the U.S.) |
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Hadrian |
a part of the five good emperors recruited soldiers to fight in tehir own homeland. built Hadrians wall. |
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Hadrian's Wall |
spanned across Britain to protect Rome from the Scots. |
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Marcus Aurelius |
loyal emperor to rome, allows Germans to settle in Rome |
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Comodus |
thought he was Hercules, quick to punish someone to death. his death brings the end of the Pax Romana |
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German Barbarians |
when Aurelius lets Germans settle they slowly take over |
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Diocletian |
bans Christianity, forms a military dictatorship. he declares that Rome is permanantly at war with its neighbors and doubles the size of the army. |
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Constantine |
Emperor of Rome who adopted the Christian faith and stopped the persecution of Christians. he united the empire. |
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Fall of Rome |
476AD Rome began to let Barbarians live within the borders, Eastern empire does nothing and the Western falls apart |
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Byzantium |
the eastern part of the empire that survived for a thousand years |
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Pompeii |
Area in southern Greece that was covered in ash when mount vesuvius erupted |
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Gladiator |
Slaves that were trained to fight for the entertainment of the Roman poeple |
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Edict of Milan |
issued by Constantine to officially tolerate the Christian Religion |
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Theodosius |
declared Christianity the official religion of Rome |
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