| Term | Definition |
|
Due Process of Law |
"A person has right to a jury trial and to the protection of the law" -Clause 39 of the Magna Carta |
|
Limited Monarchy |
the underlying idea of the Magna Carta |
|
Burgess |
A middle class Burgh |
|
Parliament |
a legislative group made up of two burgesses from each borough and two knights from each country |
|
Representatives |
delegates from the middle class that Philip invited to the council, known as the Third Estate |
|
Nation-State |
a group of people who occupy a definite territory and are united under one government |
|
Henry II |
the king of England from 1154-1189. Feudal lord of more than half of France, married Eleanor of Aquitaine |
|
John |
brother to Richard, younger son of Henry II, complete failure as a military leader |
|
Philip Augustus |
became king of France at age 15 and set out to weaken the power of English kings in France, defeated John Softsword |
|
Magna Carta |
most celebrated document because of John's unsuccessful wars, written by the barons because they wanted to protect themselves, but it later applied to all citizens |
|
Edward I |
the son of Henry III and grandson of John that became England's king and restored royal power. He improved administration and strengthened royal courts |
|
Model Parliament |
the famous gathering that served as a model for later kings. the meeting of knights, burgesses, bishops, and lords at Westminster in London to consult with the king |
|
Estates General |
France's version of the Parliament |
|
Louis IX |
Philip's grandson that made France's central government stronger. came to the throne at 12 and France was actually ruled by his mother, Blanche of Castile |
|
Philip IV |
the king of France that was involved in a quarrel with the Pope, and to win wider support, he included middle class members in meetings, nicknamed Philip the Fair |