| Term | Definition |
|
new monarch |
new, strong rulers that didn't base their power on feudalism. they had 3 important new sources of power: control of taxes, a professional army, and professional officials |
|
taille |
a tax on land. one of the taxes that Charles VII found new sources of money in |
|
gabelle |
a tax on salt. one of the taxes that Charles VII found new sources of money in |
|
tonnage and poundage |
part of Henry VII's source of of money, taxes on imported goods |
|
Charles VII |
king of France's throne with the help of Joan of Arc. He set the French monarchy on the road to recovery |
|
Louis XI |
Charles's son that became king, known as |
|
Wars of the Roses |
a bloody family quarrel when two branches of the royal family claimed the english crown. the dukes of York took white, the dukes of Lancaster took red as their symbol |
|
Henry VII |
the victor at Bosworth Field who was connected to both the Lancastrians and Yorkists by marriage and inheritance. He began the Tudor Dynasty (Tudor was his family name). |
|
Reconquista |
reconquest; the century-long effort to drive the Muslims out of Spain |
|
Ferdinand |
a determined and crafty prince that was heir to Aragon. married princess Isabella in 1469 and brought their kingdoms into close alliance |
|
Isabella |
heir to the throne of Castile, an active princess that married Ferdinand. she wore the red cross of a crusader in the final battle of the conquest of Granada |