 | Term | Definition |
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Founding of Rome |
753 B.C |
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Virgil |
poet asked by Augustus to write a history a Rome |
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The Aeneid |
Aeneas escapes the Trojan war, his family becomes the nobility of the Latin Tribe, Romulus and Remus related to Aeneas |
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Rape of the Sabines |
romans had no women, invited the sabines to festivities and then killed the men, stole the women |
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Romulus |
1st king of Rome (Latin) |
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Tarquinius Superbus |
7th and last King of Rome (Etruscan) |
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The Etruscans |
conquered rome in 616 B.C., developed dams, sewers, leather shoes, Gladitorial games, THROWN OUT OF POWER IN 509 B.C. |
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Patricians |
original "elite" families of rome, could hold office |
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Plebeians |
merchants (common), could be apart of assembly, represented by tribunes, can't marry Patricians |
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Assembly |
Patricians and Plebeians gather and discuss, didn't make laws, voted for magistrates and consuls |
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Tribunes |
10 elected, represent Plebeians, had little power, the reported plebeian problems and news to Senate |
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Consuls |
Military leaders (2?), led government, enforced the laws of the senate, can serve as dictators for up to 6 month during time of civil war |
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Magistrates |
elected to look over Rome's money, retired ones were able to go to senate |
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12 tables |
451 B.C. listed all laws/ punishments |
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Lyncinian-Sextian Laws |
laws saying that atleast one consul had to be a Plebian, and that a plebian could marry a Patrician |
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The struggle of the orders |
created the plebian assembly because of revolt----assembly could make laws without going through the senate, could become part or magistrates, etc. |
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First Punic War |
ROMAN EXPANSION---246-241 B.C, rome copied and adapted navy styles of carthage---rome wins buut does not fully take carthage |
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Second Punic War |
218-201B.C. Hannibal takes back sicily---rome(Scipio) attacks carthage---- romans win but again do not fully take the city, hannibal kills himself, treaty sorta made between them, Carthage no longer allowed a navy or to attack anyone without roman consent |
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Hannibal |
carthage general(secret weapon) made his father a dying promise to destroy rome, fled to Macedonia (another reason for Rome to attack Macedonia) after roman win in the second punic war, killed himself |
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Scipio Africanus |
got his name from conquering africa, roman (superpower) military leader who pushed hannibal out of rome, took the battle to Carthage, defeated Carthage in 210B.C. |
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Third Punic War |
149-146B.C. (carthage rebuilds) Romans push Carthage to break treaty by making the Numidians attack Carthage forcing the to react without Roman consent involuntarily----Carthage becomes Roman province |
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Macendonian Wars |
ended about 133B.C.----4 wars between Macendonia, Greece and Rome---rome took over greece and macedonia |
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Decline of the Repulic |
Senate becomes wealthy but doesnt share with the people------power struggle between senate and army(Plebians)----poor solidiers return from fightning (and they recieve no land)->crime rate increases, solidiers get executed for crimes committed because of unemployment---> so romans adopt some greek culture by hiring greek tutors |
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Latifundia |
plantations ( prisoners of war work on them) |
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Tiberius Gracchus |
related to scipio africanus, elected tribune for 2 terms in 133BC.--- Land bill proposal( limit the size of Large estates, redistribute land to unemployed farmers,bill pased without sentate approval) all landowners no elligible to draft because of the need of soldiers------popular among the people, threat to senators---> clubbed to death in a riot inspired by the senate |
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Gaius Gracchus |
brother of Tiberius---elected tribune in 123B.C.---popular among people--had a big ass personal body guard army--did reforms like his brother ---asked a slave to kill him when he and 3000 of his supporters were being chased after and killed |
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The Age of the (New) Strong Men |
133-31B.C. 100 years of violence, civil wars, slave and Province rebellions---period where Caesar began to rise |
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Gaius Marius |
110B.C. recuited landless romans---became his loyal private army---gave his retired soldiers conquered land when the left (land-grants to veterans)--elected consul 6 times---defeated numidians |
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Lucius Cornelius Sulla |
88B.C. challenged Marius (civil war) was one of his loyal soldier but beat Marius who then "retired"--Senate declared him a dictator, and backed him for only a year during civil war--he stregthens senate, made age requirements, created proscriptions--- died from syphillis |
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Proscriptions |
hitlists (caesar had been on it) list of powerful men threatening to sulla |
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Julius Caesar |
nephew of Marius--married to sulla's granddaughter, part of the First Triumvirate, (pleb)--became governor of 3 provinces---attacks gaul with remenants of marius's army---caputured by pirates---72B.C. becomes a military tribune, 63B.C. elected Punifex Maximus (high priest), 61B.C. senates blocks his bid for consul |
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First Triumvirate |
Pompey, Caesar, and Crassus (basically 3 consuls), Caesar given Gaul |
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