 | Term | Definition |
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What do lava and ash on the surface create? |
Shield volcanoes, cinder cones, composite volcanoes, and lava plateaus. |
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Shield volcanoes |
Gently sloping mountains formed by thin, runny lava. As the lava spreads and cools, it forms a shield shape like a gladiator's shield. |
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Cinder cones |
Form when lava is thick and stiff and has a cone-shape. They are very steep. |
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Composite volcanoes |
Formed when alternating layers of ash, cinder and bombs build up. |
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Lava plateaus |
Formed when lava seeps into cracks and cools. This process repeats and over millions of years a high plateau is formed. |
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Caldera |
The remains of an enormous eruption that leaves only the empty shell of a mountain behind. |
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What structures does magma below the surface create? |
Volcanic necks, sills, dikes, batholiths and dome mountains. |
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Volcanic necks |
Remains of cooled magma in the pipe of a volcano. They become exposed when the softer rock around the pipe wears away. |
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Sills |
Formed when magma squeezes between rock layers and cools (horizontally). |
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Dikes |
Formed when magma squeezes across rock layers and cools (vertically). |
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Batholiths |
Cooled magma below the crust. |
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Dome mountains |
Formed when magma collects and pushes the rock layers above it into a rounded-dome shape. |
