Set: Barrons Chapter 7

Familiarize

Learn

Test

Play Scatter

Play Space Race
Combine with other sets Login to add to Favorites
Print: Term List | Flashcards Editing not allowed
Export Deleting not allowed

Share these flash cards

With groups: Mrs Bailey's Pre IB English I Class, Ms. Boland's AP Human Geo Class (edit)
HTML link to set: Plain link:
Share on Facebook Share on MySpace

All 34 Terms

Term Definition
Agribusiness The set of economic and political relationships that organize food production for commercial purposes. It includes activities ranging from seed production, to retailing, to consumption of agricultural products.
Agriculture The art and science of producing food from the land and tending livestock for the purpose of human consumption.
Animal husbandry An agricultural activity associated with the raising of domesticated animals, such as cattle, horses, sheep, and goats.
Biotechnology A form of technology that uses living organisms, usually genes, to modify products, to make or modify plants and animals, or to develop other microorganisms for specific purposes.
Capital-intensive agriculture Form of agriculture that uses mechanical goods such as machinery, tools, vehicles, and facilities to produce large amounts of agricultural goods-a process requiring very little human labor.
Commercial agricultural economy All agricultural activity generated for the purpose of selling, not necessarily for local consumption.
Dairying An agricultural activity involving the raising of livestock, most commonly cows and goats, for dairy products such as milk, cheese, and butter.
Domestication The conscious manipulation of plant and animal species by humans in order to sustain themselves.
Extensive agriculture An agricultural system characterized by low inputs of labor per unit land area.
Feedlots Places where livestock are concentrated in a very small area and raised on hormones and hearty grains that prepare them for slaughter at a much more rapid rate than grazing; often referred to as factory farms.
Fertile Crescent Area located in the crescent-shaped zone near the southeastern Mediterranean coast (including Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, and Turkey), which was once a lush environment and one of the first hearths of domesti- . cation and thus agricultural activity.
Genetically modified foods Foods that are mostly products of organisms that have had their genes altered in a laboratory for specific purposes, such as disease resistance, increased productivity, or nutritional value allowing growers greater control, predictability, and efficiency.
Green Revolution The development of higher-yield and fast-growing crops through increased technology, pesticides, and fertilizers transferred from the developed to developing world to alleviate the problem of food supply in those regions of the globe.
Hunting and gathering The killing of wild animals and fish as well as the gathering of fruits, roots, nuts, and other plants for sustenance.
Industrial Revolution The rapid economic changes that occurred in agriculture and manufacturing in England in the late 18th century and that rapidly spread to other parts of the developed world.
Intensive cultivation Any kind of agricultural activity that involves effective and efficient use of labor on small plots of land to maximize crop yield.
Labor-intensive agriculture Type of agriculture that requires large levels of manual labor to be successful.
Livestock ranching An extensive commercial agricultural activity that involves the raising of livestock over vast geographic spaces typically located in semi-arid climates like the American West.
Mechanization In agriculture, the replacement of human labor with technology or machines.
Mediterranean agriculture An agricultural system practiced in the Mediterranean-style climates of Western Europe, California, and portions of Chile and Australia, in which diverse specialty crops such as grapes, avocados,
Pastoralism A type of agricultural activity based on nomadic animal husbandry or the raising of livestock to provide food, clothing, and shelter.
Pesticides Chemicals used on plants that do not harm the plants, but kill pests and have negative repercussions on other species who ingest the chemicals.
Planned agricultural economy An agricultural economy found in communist nations in which the government controls both agricultural production and distribution.
Plantation A large, frequently foreign-owned piece of agricultural land devoted to the production of a single export crop.
Salinization Process that occurs when soils in arid areas are brought under cultivation through irrigation. In arid climates, water evaporates quickly off the ground surface, leaving salty residues that render the soil infertile.
Shifting cultivation The use of tropical forest clearings for crop production until their fertility is lost. Plots are then abandoned, and farmers move on to new sites.
Slash-and-burn agriculture System of cultivation that usually exists in tropical areas where vegetation is cut close to the ground and then ignited. The fire introduces nutrients into the soil, thereby making it productive for a relatively short period of time.
Specialty crops Crops including items like peanuts and pineapples, which are produced, usually in developing countries, for export.
Subsistence agricultural economy Any farm economy in which most crops are grown for nearly exclusive family or local consumption.
Swidden Land that is prepared for agriculture by using the slash-and-burn method.
Topsoil loss Loss of the top fertile layer of soil is lost through erosion. It is a tremendous problem in areas with fragile soils, steep slopes, or torrential seasonal rains.
Transhumance The movements of livestock according to seasonal patterns, generally lowland areas in the winter, and highland areas in the summer.
Urban sprawl The process of urban areas expanding outwards, usually in the form of suburbs, and developing over fertile agricultural land.
von Thunen model An agricultural model that spatially describes agricultural activity in terms of rent. Activities that require intensive cultivation and cannot be transported over great distances pay higher rent to be close to the market. Conversely, activities that are more extensive, with goods that are easy to transport, are located farther from the market where rent is less.

Set Information

Terms 34
Creator SpinzThatWinz
Created January 28, 2008
Groups Mrs Bailey's Pre IB English I Class, Ms. Boland's AP Human Geo Class
Tags None
Access Anyone
Edit Creator Only
Pop out

Discuss

samee4211 : thanks to whoever made this!
Last Message: 9 months ago

You must be logged in to discuss this set.

Kaplan Test Prep and Admissions (Kaptest.com)

Top Users

  1. SpinzThatWinz - 261 scores
  2. ALEXii - 185 scores
  3. samee4211 - 125 scores
  4. englandrules - 55 scores
  5. alyoopp24 - 34 scores

Most Missed Words

  1. Intensive cultivation → Any kind of agricultural activity that involves effective and efficient use of labor on small plots of land to maximize crop yield. - 42 misses
  2. Capital-intensive agriculture → Form of agriculture that uses mechanical goods such as machinery, tools, vehicles, and facilities to produce large amounts of agricultural goods-a process requiring very little human labor. - 28 misses
  3. Extensive agriculture → An agricultural system characterized by low inputs of labor per unit land area. - 20 misses
  4. Pastoralism → A type of agricultural activity based on nomadic animal husbandry or the raising of livestock to provide food, clothing, and shelter. - 18 misses
  5. Animal husbandry → An agricultural activity associated with the raising of domesticated animals, such as cattle, horses, sheep, and goats. - 17 misses
  6. Commercial agricultural economy → All agricultural activity generated for the purpose of selling, not necessarily for local consumption. - 16 misses
  7. Genetically modified foods → Foods that are mostly products of organisms that have had their genes altered in a laboratory for specific purposes, such as disease resistance, increased productivity, or nutritional value allowing growers greater control, predictability, and efficiency. - 14 misses