Set: Joint anatomy & physiology (Kines. Exam 1)
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All 39 Terms
| | Term | Definition |
|---|---|---|
| |
synarthroses | consist of fibrous and cartilaginous joints |
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fibrous joints | fibrous tissue that connect bone to bone |
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sutures | bone edges interlock or overlap each other and are connected by a ligament or membrane; only found in the skull and allow a small amount of movement for childbirth and growth, there is no movement in adulthood |
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gomphosis | bones fit together like a peg in a hole, secured by fibrous tissue (teeth) |
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syndesmosis | greater distance btwn bones than other fibrous joints; are connected by a ligament or a membrane that allows some movement (btwn ulna and radius and btwn tibia and fibula) |
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cartilaginous joints | bone-cartilage-bone connection |
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symphysis | bone-hyaline-fibrocartilage-hyaline-bone; mostly designed for weightbearing, but allows some movement (intervertebral joints and symphysis pubis in the pelvis) |
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hyaline cartilage | "glass-like" cartilage designed for compression |
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fibrocartilage | contains bundles of collagen fibers; better to withstand shearing and torsional forces |
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synchondrosis | bones are joined by hyaline cartilage only (btwn sternum and first rib) |
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diarthroses (synovial joints) | allow significantly more movement than synarthroses |
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articular cartilage | (usually hyaline cartilage) smooth, thin layer on the surface of the bones (approx. 1/2 cm thick) |
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functions of articular cartilage | reducing friction, and absorbing and distributing forces of compression |
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joint motion | required so that the synovial fluid circulates |
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joint capsule | provides stability to the joint and contains the synovial fluid |
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fibrous layer | the layer that limits joint motion |
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synovial membrane | inner layer that produces the synovial fluid |
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synovial fluid | simialr to blood plasma, with the addition of hyaluronic acid which makes it viscous (oil-like) |
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functions of synovial fluid | (1) provides nutrients to articular cartilage and (2) lubricates joints and reduces friction |
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ligaments | fibrous tissue that connects bones to provide stability to joints |
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intrinsic ligaments | form part of the joint capsule or are located inside the joint (ACL) |
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extrinsic ligaments | located outside the joint capsule (ligaments on side of the ankles) |
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bursae | sacs of synovial fluid that are located outside of the joint; used to reduce friction btwn moving tissues |
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uniaxial | (type of synovial joint) motion is allowed mostly in one plane, around one axis (hinge joints and pivot joints) |
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hinge joints | allow mostly flexion and extension (fingers and elbows) |
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pivot joints | allow mostly rotation (movement of radius during pronation and supination) |
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biaxial | (type of synovial joint) motion occurs in 2 planes, around 2 axes (2 degrees of freedom): condyloid joints and saddle joints |
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condyloid joints | one joint surface is convex and the other is concave |
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saddle joints | each joint surface is convex in one direction and concave in another direction |
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triaxial | (type of synovial joint) motion occurs in 3 planes, around 3 axes (3 degrees of freedom): ball & socket joints (hip and shoulder) |
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nonaxial | (type of synovial joint) relatively flat surfaces that allow linear motion only (translation or gliding): plane joints |
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stability vs mobility | almost always an inverse relationship |
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static stability | provided by the shape of the bones, the ligaments, and joint capsules |
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dynamic stability | provided by the muscles (moving or responding to something) |
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joint innervation | joint receptors in the ligaments and joint capsules provide proprioceptive information |
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proprioception | an ability to know the position of your body and to detect movement with eyes closed; located in the ligaments |
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static proprioception | know where limbs are in space |
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dynamic proprioception | knowing which direction a limb is moving with eyes closed |
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additional receptors | detect potentially damaging stimuli (excessive pressure or stretch) and are responsible for theperception of pain |
Set Information
| Terms | 39 |
| Creator | LeMara |
| Created | January 28, 2008 |
| Groups | None |
| Tags | None |
| Access | Anyone |
| Edit | Creator Only |
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LeMara : Changed function of articular cartilage → reducing friction, and absorbing and distributing forces of compression to functions of articular cartilage → reducing friction, and absorbing and distributing forces of compression
LeMara : Changed stability vs. mobility → almost always an inverse relationship to stability vs mobility → almost always an inverse relationship
Last Message: 8 months ago
Most Missed Words
- fibrous joints → fibrous tissue that connect bone to bone - 1 miss
- diarthroses (synovial joints) → allow significantly more movement than synarthroses - 1 miss
- intrinsic ligaments → form part of the joint capsule or are located inside the joint (ACL) - 1 miss
- stability vs mobility → almost always an inverse relationship - 1 miss
- dynamic proprioception → knowing which direction a limb is moving with eyes closed - 1 miss