 | Term | Definition |
| |
CNS |
consist of the brain, brainstem, and spinal cord |
| |
PNS |
all of the nerves in the body |
| |
ANS |
incorporates parts of both the CNS and PNS; controls the internal organs |
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sympathetic nervous system |
the division of the ANS that arouses the body, mobilizing its energy in stressful situations; fight or flight |
| |
parasympathetic nervous system |
division of the ANS that calms the body, conserving it's energy; feed or breed |
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neuron |
one cell of the nervous system, in CNS or PNS |
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nerve |
a bundle of axons from multiple neurons traveling together in the PNS |
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afferent neuron |
carries sensory information from PNS to CNS. |
| |
efferent neuron |
carries motor information to the muscles or glands |
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interneuron |
provides a route of communication within the CNS |
| |
cranial nerves |
12 pairs of nerves, named with Roman numerals, all except CNI originate on the brainstem; consist of sensory and motor functions |
| |
sensory functions |
Cranial nerves; smell, vision, hearing, taste, touch and pain, sensation for the face, and proprioception for talking and swallowing |
| |
motor functions |
Cranial nerves; facial expressions, blinking, eye movement, pupil dilation, tear and saliva production, chewing, talking, and swallowing |
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spinal nerves |
31 pairs of the nerves C1-8, T1-12 L1-5 S1-5 and Co1; They are named for the vertebrae above, except in the cervical spine; There are 7 cervical Vertebrae, but 8 pairs of cervical spinal nerves |
| |
dermatomes |
cutaneous area that sends sensory info to a specific spinal cord level |
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myotomes |
the muscles innervated by a specific spinal cord level |
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brachial plexus |
formed from the ventral rami of C5-T1; under clavicle and under arm |
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superior trunk |
C5 and C6 |
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middle trunk |
C7 |
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inferior trunk |
C8 and T1 |
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trunks |
split into anterior and posterior divisions and reecombine to form cords |
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posterior cord |
all posterior divisions |
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lateral cord |
anterior divisions of the superior and middle trunks |
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medial cord |
anterior division of the inferior trunk |
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terminal branches |
Axillary nerve, Radial Nerve, Musclocutaneous nerve, Ulnar nerve, Median nerve |
| |
axillary nerve |
(C5-6) posterior cord |
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radial nerve |
(C5-T1) posterior cord |
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musculocutaneous nerve |
(C5-7) lateral cord |
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ulnar nerve |
(C7-T1) medial cord |
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median nerve |
(C6-T1) lateral and medial cords |
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lumbosacral plexus |
formed from the ventral rami of L1-S3; less dividing and joining as the brachial plexus |
| |
major motor nerves |
Obturator nerve, Femoral nerve, Superior gluteal nerve, Inferior gluteal nerve, Sciatic nerve |
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obturator nerve |
L2-4 |
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femoral nerve |
L2-4 |
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superior gluteal nerve |
L4-S1 |
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inferior gluteal nerve |
L5-S2 |
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sciatic nerve |
(L4-S3) splits at the knee into the common peroneal and tibial nerves |
