 | Term | Definition |
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What is the process through which living things produce new individuals of the same kind? |
reproduction |
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What is reproduction essential to? |
survival of the species |
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What produces, stores, nourishes, and releases specialized cells as sex cells? |
reproductive system |
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What is the male sex cell called? |
sperm |
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What is the female sex cell called? |
egg |
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What is another term for the egg? |
ovum |
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What is the term that is used to describe what happens when sperm and an egg unite? |
fertilization |
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What are located in each cell of the body? |
chromosomes |
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How many chromosomes are there in normal cells? |
46 |
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How many chromosomes are there in sex cells? |
23 |
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What is the term that means a fertilized egg? |
zygote |
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How many chromosomes are there in a zygote? |
46 |
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What are produced after fertilization that cause the development of specific reproductive organs? |
hormones |
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What is the scientific term for the male reproductive organ? |
testes |
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Where are testes located? |
scrotum |
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What do the testes produce? |
sperm |
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Why is it important that the testes are not located within the body cavity? |
at 98.6 degrees - the normal body temperature - sperm can't be produced and are destroyed |
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What does the sperm travel through after being produced in the testes? |
vas deferens |
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What is fluid is sperm mixed with after being in the vas deferens? |
semen |
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What is the name of the dual purpose tube that leads the fluids out of the body? |
urethra |
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What structure do the mixture of sperm and semen exit the body through? |
penis |
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What is the name of the male hormone produced by the testes? |
testosterone |
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What is testosterone responsible for? |
facial and body hair, broadening of the chest, and a deeper voice |
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What is the term for the female reproductive organs? |
ovaries |
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Where are the ovaries located? |
hip level - one on each side |
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What is the role of the ovaries? |
to produce eggs |
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What is another term for the eggs? |
ova |
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Where are the female reproductive parts located or housed? |
all are within the female body |
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Where do ovaries release eggs? |
fallopian tubes |
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What is another term for the fallopian tubes? |
oviduct |
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Where do the eggs travel after the fallopian tubes? |
toward the uterus |
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What is another name for the uterus? |
womb |
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Where does a fertilized egg develop? |
the uterus |
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What is the name of the opening at the mouth of the uterus? |
cervix |
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What is another name for the birth canal? |
vagina |
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What female hormome do the ovaries produce? |
estrogen |
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What is estrogen responsible for? |
broadening of hips, enlarged breasts, and maturation and release of eggs |
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What is the name of the monthly occurrence that happens to females which lasts about 28 days? |
menstrual cycle |
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How long does the menstrual cycle last? |
about 28 days |
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What is the purpose of the menstrual cycle? |
prepare the uterus for a fertilized egg |
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What occurs during days 1 - 4 of the menstrual cycle? |
menstrual discharge |
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What occurs during days 5 - 13 of the menstrual cycle? |
egg matures inside the ovary |
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What occurs during days 14 - 15 of the menstrual cycle? |
ovulation |
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What is ovulation? |
the release of an egg from the ovary |
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What occurs during days 16 - 22 of the menstrual cycle? |
egg travels through fallopian tube toward the uterus |
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What occurs during days 23 - 28 of the menstrual cycle? |
fertilized egg imbeds in the side of uterus or unfertilized egg is released thru menstruation |
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What happens if an egg is not fertilized? |
it is released thru menstruation |
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When is the ONLY time an egg can be fertilized? |
during ovulation |
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When does ovulation occur? |
about 14 days after the start of menstruation |
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What occurs about 9 months after fertilization? |
baby will be born |
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What is a zygote? |
a fertilized egg |
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What is the term used to describe the fertilized egg from the first week until the eighth week? |
embryo |
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What is the term for the fluid filled sac that cushions and protects? |
amniotic sac |
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What develops from embryonic tissue and tissue from the uterus? |
placenta |
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What does the placenta do? |
connects the baby to the mother and provides nourishment, respiration, and excretion |
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What is the term used to describe the fertilized egg from the eighth week until birth? |
fetus |
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When do all internal organs develop, and eye patches form? |
months 1 to 3 |
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When does the skeleton form, the heartbeat can be heard with a stethoscope, and the fetus weighs about 1.5 pounds? |
months 4 to 6 |
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When do the lungs mature and the body increases four times in size? |
months 7 to 9 |
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What connects the fetus to the placenta? |
umbilical cord |
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What does the umbilical cord have? |
two arteries and one vein |
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What is the name of the test in which a small amount of amniotic fluid is removed with a needle? |
amniocentesis |
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What is the purpose of an amniocentesis? |
to see the genetic make-up of the fetus |
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What are the stages of birth? |
labor, delivery, and 3rd stage |
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What stage is occurring when strong muscular contractions begin? |
labor |
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What stage is occurring when the baby is pushed thru the cervix? |
labor |
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How big is the cervix by the time the baby is pushed through? |
10 centimeters |
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What stage usually lasts from 2 to 20 hours? |
labor |
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What stage is occurring when the baby's head comes out? |
delivery |
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What stage lasts several minutes to hours? |
delivery |
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What stage does the baby cry to expand the lungs? |
delivery |
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What is another name for the 3rd stage of birth? |
afterbirth |
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What occurs during afterbirth? |
placenta is delivered |
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What stage of development takes place from the time an infant is one month until about 2 years old? |
infancy |
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During what stage of development is the head about one fourth the size of the body? |
infancy |
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At about what age can an infant hold his/her head up? |
3 months |
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At about what age can an infant crawl? |
5 months |
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At about what age can an infant grasp objects? |
7 months |
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At about what age can an infant walk? |
10 to 12 months |
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What stage of development begins around when the child is 2 years old and ends at about 13 years? |
childhood |
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What important things occur during childhood? |
mental ability increases, memory strengthens, muscular development, language skills, and socially appropriate behavior |
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What stage of development begins at about 13 years? |
adolescence |
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What is adolescence considered? |
passage from childhood to adulthood |
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What does the latin for adolescence mean? |
to grow up |
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When do sexual organs begin to develop? |
puberty |
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What type of development occurs in girls during puberty? |
menstruation starts |
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What type of development occurs in boys during puberty? |
sperm is produced |
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When do girls typically experience a growth spurt associated with puberty? |
ages 10 to 16 |
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How much may a girl grow during a growth spurt in puberty? |
6 inches and/or 35 pounds |
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When do boys typically experience a growth spurt associated with puberty? |
ages 11 to 17 |
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How much may a boy grow during a growth spurt in puberty? |
8 inches and/or 44 pounds |
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What stage of development begins at about age 20? |
adulthood |
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What has typically occurred by the time of adulthood? |
all systems are fully developed |
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What are some of the developments seen in adulthood? |
fat moves further away from skin and the face has more definition |
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When does aging begin? |
around 30 |
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What are some signs of aging? |
skin loses elasticity, eyes lose the ability to focus, hair loses color, and muscular strength decreases |
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What is the name of the process when females stop menstruation and ovulation? |
menopause |
