 | Term | Definition |
| |
origins and insertions |
bony landmarks where muscles attach to bones |
| |
hemopoiesis |
blood cell production |
| |
sesamoid bones |
small round bones that are found free floating in tendons |
| |
hyaline |
articular cartridge |
| |
periosteum |
tissue sheath around bones |
| |
-blast |
build |
| |
-clast |
destroy |
| |
axial skeleton |
skull,vertebrae,sternum,ribs,sternum,coccyx |
| |
facet |
small smooth shallow depressions articulating with another bone in spine |
| |
foramen |
hole or opening for blood vessels and nerves to pass |
| |
head |
rounded end of bone |
| |
process |
any prominence or prolongation of a bone |
| |
protuberance |
knoblike protrusion of a bone |
| |
trochanter |
large rough process on femur |
| |
tubercle |
rounded projection usually blunt and irregular |
| |
tuberosity |
large round rough projection |
| |
synarthrotic |
fibrous:no movement;interosseous membrane |
| |
amphiarthrotic |
slightly moveable:pubic sympysis |
| |
diarthrotic |
freely moveable |
| |
joint capsule |
continuation of the periosteum |
| |
synovial sheaths |
found in hands and feet surrounding long tendons |
| |
flexions and extensions |
hingle joint movements |
| |
triaxial joints |
gliding, ball and socket:all 3 planes used |
| |
ellipsoid joint |
allow flexion,extension,abduction,adduction:saggital and frontal |
| |
class 1 lever |
seesaw |
| |
class 2 lever |
wheelbarrow |
| |
class 3 lever |
scissors |
| |
ankylosing spondylitis |
calcification and fusion of joints between vertebrae orsacroiliac joint |
| |
rheumatoid arthritis |
destroys synovial membranes of joints, ususall in pip joints |
| |
osteoarthritis |
wear and tear arthritis affecting the elderly |
| |
gouty arthritis |
abnormal accumulation of uric acid affecting the mtp joint of big toe |
| |
lyme disease |
transmitted by ticks:involves knees and hips and forms bullseye rash |
| |
bunions |
abnormal medial tilting and enlargement of the mtp joint |
| |
dislocation |
bones forced out of normal position in joint cavities |
| |
subluxation |
partial dislocation of facet bones usually |
| |
bursitis |
acute or chronic inflamm. of bursa |
| |
crepitus |
crackling sounds - usually symptom of other things |
| |
fracture |
break,chip,crack rupture in bone that heals slowly |
| |
simple fracture |
closed fracture when bone is broken but doesn't protrude |
| |
compound fracture |
open fracture:broken end breaks thru skin and tissues |
| |
microfractures |
stress fractures caused by repeated activity usually seen on metatarsal bones |
| |
herniated disk |
protrusion of nucleus pulposis |
| |
kyphosis |
hunchback; painful condition in which head moves forward |
| |
lordosis |
beer belly;tightened back muscles and weak ab muscles |
| |
osteoporosis |
porous bone;susceptability to fracture |
| |
scoliosis |
lateral curvature of spine: most common in female teens |
| |
seperation |
similar to dislocation but bone is not displaced |
| |
spondylolisthesis |
anterior vertebra is displaced (5th lumbar) causes pain and paralysis |
| |
spondylosis |
degeneration of spinal column caused by oa |
| |
sprain |
joint trauma that stretches or tears ligaments |
| |
avascular |
ligaments because they have few blood vessels |
| |
tmj |
pain,clicking of joint, limited rom caused by trauma,teeth grinding |
| |
whiplash |
sprain and strain of cervical spine and spinal cord at junction of 4th and 5th cervical vertebrae |
