 | Term | Definition |
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Cognition |
The process of thinking or mentally processing information. |
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Image |
Most often, a mental representation that has picture-like qualities; an icon. |
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Concept |
A generalized idea representing a class of related objects or events. |
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Language |
Words or symbols, and rules for combining them, that are used for thinking and communication. |
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Synethesia |
Experiencing one sense in terms normally associated with another selse; for example, "seeing" colors when a sound is heard. |
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Concept Formation |
The process of classifying information into meaningful categories |
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Positive Instance |
In concept learning, and object or event that belongs to the concept class. |
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Negative Instance |
In concept learning, and object or event that does not belong to the concept class. |
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Conceptual Rule |
A formal rule for deciding whether an object or event is an example of a particular concept. |
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Conjunctive Concept |
A class of objects that have two of more features in common. (For example, to qualify as an example of the concept an object must be both red and triangular. |
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Relational Concept |
A concept defined by the relationship between features of an objet or between an object and its surroundings (for example, "greater than," "lopsided"). |
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Disjunctive Concept |
A concept defined by the presence of at least one of several possible features. (For example, to qualify an object must be either blue or circular). |
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Prototype |
An ideal model used as a prime example of a particular concept. |
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Denotative Meaning |
The exact, dictionary definition of a word or concept; its objective meaning. |
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Connotative Meaning |
The subjective, personal, or emotional meaning of a word or concept. |
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Semantics |
The study of meanings in language. |
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Bilingualism |
An ability to speak two languages. |
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Two-way Bilingual Program |
A program in which English-speaking children and children with linited English proficiency are taugh half the day in English and half in a second language. |
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Phonemes |
The basic speech sounds of a language. |
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Morphemes |
The smallest meaningful units in a language, such as syllables or words. |
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Grammar |
A set of rules for combining language units into meaningful speech or writing. |
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Syntax |
Rules for ordering words when forming sentences. |
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Transformation Rules |
Rules by which a simple declarative sentence may be changed to other voices or forms (past tense, passive voice, and so forth). |
