 | Term | Definition |
| |
Republic |
governed by elected representitives |
| |
Imperium |
Empire, Power, supreme authority in the Roman republic |
| |
Consul |
in ancient rome, official from the patrician class who supervised the government and commanded armies. two were elected anually by the senate. they possessed imperium |
| |
Hoplon |
Spartan shield |
| |
Hoplite |
Heavily armed Greek soldier. Hoplites made up the Phalanx formation. |
| |
Tribune |
official in ancient rome who was elected by the plebains to protect their interests |
| |
Romulus and Remus |
Traditional story of how Rome began. Twins abandoned and rescued by a wolf, raised by a shepherd . Grew to build Rome. Romulus later killed Remus |
| |
Praetors |
elected to help consuls, commanded armies in times of war and oversaw legal system in times of peace |
| |
Censors |
registered citizens according to their wealth, appointed candidates to the senate, and oversaw moral conduct of all citizens |
| |
Despotism |
a form of government in which the ruler is an absolute dictator. |
| |
Tiber River |
Rome lies on the banks of the river |
| |
Forum |
public square of an ancient Roman city; public place for open discussion; court of law |
| |
Maniple |
the smallest division of the Phalanx; More flexible in battle |
| |
Gladiator |
A Roman athlete, usually a slave, criminal, or prisoner of war, who was foreced to fight for the entertainment of the public |
| |
Punic Wars |
Between 264 B.C and 146 BC Rome fought 3 wars against carthage. Where the Carthages were destroyed and Rome bacame the masters of the western Mediterrranean |
| |
Hannibal |
general who commanded the Carthaginian army in the second Punic War |
| |
Vernacular |
Everyday language of ordinary people |
| |
Praetorian Guard |
the elite bodyguard of a Roman Emperor: His private army |
| |
First Triumvirate |
(60-53 BCE): Caesar, Crassus, Pompey, (60-53 BCE): Caesar, Crassus, Pompey |
| |
Vespasian |
Emperor of Rome who bettered the army |
| |
Caesar |
member of the First Triumvirate who died in Rome |
| |
Crassus |
died in paletine, hated pompey but fought with him, part of the first triumverate |
| |
Pompey |
member of the First Triumvirate who fled to Greece and was later defeated by Caesar in Egypy |
| |
Romance Languages |
Any of the languages derived from Latin including Italian, Spanish, French, and Romanian |
| |
Colosseum |
most famous Greek theater; site of gladitorial contests, mock sea battles, (amphitheater). , arena in Rome in which 50,000 people could watch the gladiators fight |
| |
Pantheon |
A large, domed temple built in ancient Rome to honor msny gods and goddesses |
| |
Princeps |
first citizen, what Augustus preffered to be called |
| |
Augustus |
First Roman emperor; won the civil war following Julius Cearsar's assassination and went on to unify the empire and establish the Pax Romana |
| |
Nero |
Roman Emperor -Insaine |
| |
Marcus Aurelius |
this Roman emperor was considered the best of the Five Good Emperors; practices unified the empire |
| |
Theodosius |
The last emperor of a united roman empire |
| |
Visigoths |
Germanic tribe that was forced into the Roman Empire by the Huns |
| |
Huns |
Warlike people who migrated frcom Eastern Europe into territory controlled by Germani tribes, forcing them to move into areas controlled by Rome: led by Attila. |
| |
Attila the Hun |
hun leader confronted the great Roman Empire by attacking Gaul |
| |
Alexander's mortal father |
Phillip ii |
| |
Alexander's immortal father |
Zeus |
| |
Alexander's Teacher |
Aristotle |
| |
Alexander's country of origin |
Macedonia |
| |
Alexander's Death |
323 BC he died of illness. Age 33 |
| |
Greek Aristocracy |
Upper class greek Praetorians made up _____ to protect their own interests |
| |
Law |
One of rome's greatest gifts to the world |
| |
Achaean League |
greek federation of city states. brought rome closer to democracy |
| |
Gography |
mountains and med sea develop individually, trade, protection |
| |
Med sea |
highway for trade |
| |
social classes |
citizens, metics, and slaves |
| |
Philosophers |
Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle |
| |
Greece |
west of turkey |
| |
Fall of Rome |
Discontent, family ties weakened, moral standards dropped, economy, changes in government, and mercenaries |
| |
Power and fear of death |
What did roman emperors have in common? |
| |
specialization of labor |
a certain and important job or task done or to be done |
| |
urbanization |
the growth of cities |
| |
Delta |
a low triangular area where a river divides before entering a larger body of water |
| |
Bronze |
A mixture of molted copper and tin. |
| |
Fertile cresent |
Nile, Tigris Euphrates |
| |
Phillip ii |
conqured all of grrce but sparta: alexanders dad |
| |
Acropolis |
hill in athens center |
| |
Parthenon |
the main temple of the goddess Athena: on the acropolis |
| |
Aristocrasy |
rule by privilaged group upperlass |
| |
Federation |
gov whith smallerparts who give power to a central government |
| |
Elders |
30 males 60+ years who made up the senate |
| |
Metics |
resident foreigners in ancient Athens; not permitted full rights of citizenship but did receive the protection of the laws. |
| |
Ostracism |
the state of being banished or ostracized (excluded from society by general consent) |
| |
Pelloponesian area |
southern part of greece |
| |
polis |
the early greek city-state, made up of a city and surrounding countryside and run like an independent country |
| |
tyrant |
ruler who took control by force |
| |
Rights |
______ of a spartan woman. could pass on land or inherit, but could not be citizens |
| |
Solon |
More rights to common people, ended practice of selling deters into slavery |
| |
Themisticles |
mastermind who led the navy in the battle of 300 |
| |
Leonitis |
leader of spartan 300, died there |
| |
Xerxes |
persian king who battled leonitis for passage through thermopale |
| |
Peracles |
Greatest leader of athens, built parthanon and rebuilt athens. Tried to unite greece and started golden age |
| |
Hoplon |
sheild |
| |
Hoplite |
soldier |
| |
Troy |
ancient city in illiad and oddesy |
| |
Phillip II |
was killed by his bodyguard |
| |
Darius II |
persina emperor sought revenge on athens. Killed in the plains of the marathon |
| |
Darius III |
Persian emperor battled alexander the great |
