 | Term | Definition |
| |
fault |
surface along which rocks move when they pass their elastic limit and break |
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earthquake |
vibrations produced when rocks break along a fault |
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normal fault |
break in rock caused by tension forces, where rock above the fault surface moves down relative to the rock below the fault surface |
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reverse fault |
break in rock caused by compressive forces, where rock above the fault surface moves upward relative to the rock below the fault surface |
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strike slip fault |
break in rock caused by shear foces, where rocks move past each other without much vertical movement |
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An earthquake is a vibration produced when rocks break along a fault. |
What is an earthquake? |
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reverse faults |
The Himalayas in Tibet formed when two of Earth's plates collided. What type of faults would you expect to find in these mountains? Why? |
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The rocks move downward in relation to rock below the fault surface. |
IN what direction do rocks above a normal fault surface move? |
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it is a plate boundary where the plates are moving past each other |
Why is California's San Andreas Fault a strike-slip fault? |
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earthquakes happen at faults which are plate boundaries |
Why is it easier to predict where an earthquake will occur than it is to predict when it will occur? |
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seismic wave |
wave generated by an earthquake |
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focus |
in an earthquake, the point below Earth's surface where ernergy is released in the form of seismic waves |
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primary wave |
seismic wave that moves rock particles back and forth in the same direction that the wave travels |
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secondary wave |
seismic wave that moves rock particles at right angles to the direction of the wave |
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surface wave |
seismic wave that moves rock particles up and down in a backward rolling motion and side to side in a swaying motion |
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epicenter |
point on Earth's surface directly above an earthquake's focus |
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seismograph |
instrument used to register earthquake waves and record the time that each arrived |
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seismogram |
what an earthquake looks like on a seismograph |
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at least 3 |
How many seismograph stations are needed to determine the location of an epicenter? Explain. |
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crust, mantle, asthenosphere, lithosphere, outer core, and inner core |
Name the layers of Earth's interior |
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iron and nickel |
What makes up most of Earth's inner core? |
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primary waves, secondary waves, longitudinal waves |
What are the 3 types of seismic waves? |
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longitudinal waves |
Which seismic wave does the most damage to property? |
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some stations are in the shadow zone of an earthquake |
Why do some seismograph stations receive both primary and secondary waves from an earthquake but other stations don't. |
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primary wave |
compressional wave; energy moves in direction of wave |
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secondary wave |
transverse wave, energy moves perpendicular |
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longitudinal wave |
most damage, slowest, moves in a rolling motion |
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Mohorovicic discontivity |
What is the boundary between the crust and asthenosphere? |
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magnitude |
measure of the energy released during an earthquake |
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liquefaction |
occurs when wet soil acts more like a liquid during and earthquake |
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tsunami |
seismic sea wave that begins over an earthquake focus and can be highly destructive when it crashes on shore |
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if you live by a plate boundary |
How can you determine whether or not you live in an area where an earthquake is likely to occur? |
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you can move heavy objects from high shelves |
What can you do to make your home more safe during an earthquake? |
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on the Richter scale |
How is earthquake magnitude measured? |
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houses and buildings collapse, liquefaction, tsunami |
Name 3 ways an earthquake causes damage |
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they both prevent the inside from receiving the shock |
How are shock absorbers on a car similar to the circular moorings used in modern earthquake safe buildings? |
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the rubber content absorbs the shock |
How do shock absorbers absorb shock? |
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magnitude |
the measure of the energy released by an earthquake; the Richter scale |
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intensity |
the measure of damage caused by an earthquake |
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Mercalli |
scale of measure of intensity of an earthquake from 1 -10 |
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Stephen Anderson |
beast |
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