 | Term | Definition |
| |
sam, johnson |
complied the first comprehensive english dictionary in 1775 |
| |
Linneeus, |
Swedish botanist who developed the first successful systum for classifying living things into similar groups |
| |
newton, |
English scientific and mathematician considered to be the greatest figure in history and discovered the law of motion |
| |
orrery |
a popular 18th century scientific toy |
| |
Pilgrims |
A band of english puritans |
| |
Puritans |
a religious group who wanted even greater reform of the church of england |
| |
quakers |
a religious group, also Known as the "society of friends" |
| |
Reason |
to think coherently and logically |
| |
the restoration |
the return of the institution of the monarchy in england |
| |
Rousseau |
Franch philosopher |
| |
scientific method |
an approach to scientific research developed by Newton |
| |
Charles |
king charles 1 of england |
| |
voltaire |
a foremost french writer and Philosopher in the age of Reason |
| |
Nicolaus copernicus |
discoverd that the Earth orbits the sun |
| |
Galileo |
Discovered other planets have moons |
| |
Johannes Kepler |
Discovered Planets Have Elliptical orbits |
| |
william Harvey |
discovered the Heart pumps blood |
| |
R hooke |
discovered the cells |
| |
R Boyle |
discovered that air is made of gases |
| |
Antoine Lavoisier |
dscovered How materials Burn |
| |
Bacon and Descartes |
American and French Revolutions, Independdence Movements |
| |
Issac Newton |
Growth of Secular Ideas; Importance of Education |
| |
Hobbes and Rousseau |
Belief in Progress |
| |
John Locke |
Declaration of Independence; Rights of Man and Citizen; Growth of Individualism |
| |
Voltaire |
U.S. Bill of Rights and Enlightened Monarchies |
| |
Montesquieu |
French, U.S., and Latin American Consitutions |
| |
Beccaria |
Abolishment of Torture and Capital Punishment |
| |
ghazi |
a warrior for Islam |
| |
Ottoman |
follower of Osman (also called Othman) |
| |
sultan |
"overlord" or "one with power", title for ottoman rulers during the rise of rthe Ottoman empire |
| |
Timur the Lame |
named due to an injury by an arrow in the leg, this conqueror from Samarkand burned what is not the city of Baghdad, crusing the Ottoman forces at the Battle of Ankara in 1402, halting the expansion of the empire |
| |
Mehmed II |
also called Mehmed the Conqueror, Murad's son, conquered Constantinople in 1453 and opened it to new citizens of many religions and backgrounds. The rebuilt city was remaned Istanbul. |
| |
Suleyman the Lawgiver |
also known as Suleyman the magnificent, ruled from 1520 to 1566, credited with great military leadership as well as implemented a highly structured social organization. Created a lwa code, simplifed the system of taxation and redueced government bureaucracy,. Viewed as having improved the daily life of almost every citizen. |
| |
devshirme |
in the Ottoman Empire, the policy of taking boys from conquered Christian peoples to be trained as Muslim soldiers |
| |
janissary |
a member of an elite force of soldiers in the Ottoman Empire, made up of Christian slaves |
| |
infidel |
one who doesn't believe in a certain religion. in Ottoman Empire, territories of people who didn't believe in Islam were raided by the military. |
| |
Osman |
known as the most successful warrior (ghazi), built a small Muslim state in Anatolia between 1300-1326. father of the second Ottoman leader, Orkhan I |
| |
Constantinople |
Conquered by Mehmed II, considered the most dramatic feat in Ottoman history |
| |
Millets |
separate legal courts pertaining to personal law under which minorities were allowed to rule themselves in cases not involving any Muslim with fairly little interference from the Ottoman government. |
| |
Byzantine Empire |
non-Muslim religious communities permitted to follow their own religious laws and practices. Millet leaders reported to the sultan and his staff. |
| |
Jizya |
a per capita tax imposed on non-Muslin adult males in states ruled by Islamic law in order to freely worship |
| |
mausoleum |
a large tomb or building containing tombs |
| |
Safavid |
Safavid Empire, a Shi'ite muslim dynasty that ruled in Persia between the 16th and 18th centuries, culturally diverse from traditions of Persians, Ottomans and Arabs. |
| |
Isma'il |
In 1499, at the age of 12, seized most of what is now Iran, taking the ancient Persian title of Shah or king and establishing Shi'a Islam as the state religion. Known as a religious tyrant who had any citizen who did not convert, put to death |
| |
shah |
hereditary monarch of Iran |
| |
Shah Abbas |
Also known as Abbas the Great, took the throne in 1587 and helped create the Safavid culture. |
Share on Facebook
Share on MySpace