Set: Biology:Chapters 10&11

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All 47 Terms

Term Definition
fertilization union of two sex cells
sperm sex cell produced by male parent
gametes reproductive cells created by male + female
yolk energy-rich collection of lipids & proteins
zygote fertilized egg in earliest stage
embryo fertilized egg in earliest stage (see zygote)
activation fertilization turns metabolism on
differentiation cells divide; they become different from one another
morphogenesis as differentiate; organize + form tissues + organs of complete animals
cleavage zygote divides into two cells
blastula mass of many cells @ end of cleavage
gastrula 3-layered cell embryo
primary germ layers 3 cell layers; form body's tissue
ectoderm form the skin, nervous systems etc.
mesoderm produce skeleton, muscles, heart, blood and other internal organs
body plan general shape of organism
notochord stiff rod that develops into part of the backbone
anterior-posterior axis line running from head to tail
dorsal-ventral direction back to the belly
neural tube form brain, spinal chord, and nerves
larva feeding individual looks nothing like the adult
metamorphosis series of changes that transforms larva into adult
segmentation division of the body into a number of similar sections
homeoticgenes transform one organ into another
hox genes group of homeotic genes found in all animals; establish anterior-posterior axis
blastocyst 5 days after fertilization; resembles hollow blastula of other animals
amnion sac or membrane filled w/ fluid enclosing the embryo of reptile,bird, or mamals
chorion embryonic membrane that surrounds all other embryonic membranes in reptiles, birds, and mammals
villi finger-like projections extended by chorion; when gastrulation begins
placenta exchanges wastes, nutrients, oxygen, and carbon dioxide between mom + baby
fetus embryo eneters 8th week called
polydactyly condition of having extra fingers/toes
spinabifida neural tube fails to close + body wall remains open
anencephaly exposed brain degenerates + skull fails to form
DNA-RNA hybridization method of making DNA + seperating strands ->dye strands, Used as probe test to detect RNA w/ matching nucleotide sequence
determination process by which a cell commits to a particular course of development
genetic-equivalence hypothesis all cells contain same genes, but some genes become inactive during differentiation
selective-gene-loss hypothesis differentiating cells lose some genes
monoploid 1 set of chromosomes
haploid 1/2 as many chromosomes
diploid 2 sets of chromosomes
epicotyl all the plant parts above the seed
hypocotyl dicots; portion of stem below seed leaf
radicle embryonic root
monocots grass, corn, tulip; leaves parallel veins
pericycle tissue gives rise to roots
ray cells cells that get water from center to other parts of tree
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Terms 47
Creator lhashemi
Created February 28, 2008
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Tag biology
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lhashemi : Changed fetus → embryo eneters 8th week called fetus to fetus → embryo eneters 8th week called
Last Message: 5 months ago

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Most Missed Words

  1. gastrula → 3-layered cell embryo - 3 misses
  2. polydactyly → condition of having extra fingers/toes - 2 misses
  3. spinabifida → neural tube fails to close + body wall remains open - 2 misses
  4. anencephaly → exposed brain degenerates + skull fails to form - 2 misses
  5. activation → fertilization turns metabolism on - 1 miss
  6. morphogenesis → as differentiate; organize + form tissues + organs of complete animals - 1 miss
  7. blastula → mass of many cells @ end of cleavage - 1 miss