 | Term | Definition |
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sacroiliac joint (SI joint) |
synovial joint; considered a plane jt., but with very irregular surfaces for stability; between the auricular surface of sacrum and the auricular surface of the ilium; allows very little movement, except during childbirth; transmit weight from the spine to the LE's; designed to be very stable with very thick ligaments |
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nutation |
normal movement for the SI jt.; the superior sacrum tilts anteriorally, relative to the pelvis. |
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counternutation |
normal movement for the SI jt.; the inferior sacrum tilts anteriorally, relative to the pelvis. |
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anterior and posterior sacroiliac ligaments |
reinforce the joint capsule |
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interosseous sacroiliac ligament |
fills in the space between the sacrum and ilium; half synovial joint, half _ joint |
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sacrotuberous ligament |
fron sacrum to ischial tuberosity |
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sacrospinous ligament |
from sacrum to ischium spine |
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iliolumbar ligament |
connects L4 and L5 vertebrae to the ilium |
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pubic symphysis |
the two pubic bones are joined together by fibrocartilage, and the joint is supported by the superior, inferior and posterior pubis ligaments; there is normally very little movement at this joint, except during childbirth |
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anterior pelvic tilt |
the ASIS moves anteriorally; increased lordosis and hip flexion (stick out butt) |
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posterior pelvic tilt |
the ASIS moves posteriorally; decreased lordosis and hip extension (slouching) |
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hip hiking (lateral tilt) |
occurs during walking and open-chain hip abduction (shifting a child up with your hip while holding him) |
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pelvic rotation |
occurs during walking and when turning the body |
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hip joint |
ball and socket joint; between the lunate (moon-like) surface of the acetabulum and the head of the femur |
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normal ROM for flexion |
120 ۫ |
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normal ROM for extension |
30 ۫ |
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normal ROM for ABD |
45 ۫ |
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normal ROM for ADD |
30 ۫ |
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normal ROM for internal/ medial rotation |
45 ۫ |
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normal ROM for external/ lateral rotation |
45 ۫ |
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functional ROM for flexion for sitting in a standard chair |
85 ۫ |
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functional ROM for flexion for standing up |
100 ۫ |
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functional ROM for flexion for climbing stairs |
65 ۫ |
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ligamentum teres |
connects the fovea of the femur to the acetabular rim; route for nerves and secondary blood supply to reach the femoral head |
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iliofemoral ligament/ Y ligament of bigelow |
up-side down Y-shaped ligament that reinforces the anterior capsule; limits hyperextension of the hip and allows paraplegics to stand with leg braces |
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pubofemoral ligament |
located inferior to iliofemoral ligament; also reinforces the anterior capsule |
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ischiofemoral ligament |
reinforces the posterior capsule |
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inguinal ligament |
connects to the ASIS and the pubic tubercle, dividing the abdomen from the thigh; nerves, blood vessels and lymphatic vessels pass under it when traveling to the LE |
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resting position of the hip joint |
lounging with legs propt up; 30 ۫ flexion and abduction and slight external rotation; also laying down with pillow under knees |
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close-packed positions of the hip joint |
ligamentous and bony |
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ligamentous |
close-packed position of the hip; full extension, abduction, and internal rotation |
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bony |
close-packed position of the hip; 90 ۫ flexion, slight abduction and slight external rotation; (sitting in a car) |
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acetabular labrum |
ring of fibrocartilage that deepens the acetabulum to increase stability |
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iliotibial band/ tract (IT band) |
thick fascia that runs down lateral thigh and helps counteract the bending force placed on the neck of the femur during weight bearing |
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angle of inclination |
measured in frontal plane; angle between the neck of the femur and shaft of the femur; larger in childhood: normally decreases to 115-140 ۫ in adults; pathological increase= coxa valga; decrease= coxa vara |
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angle of torsion |
measured in transverse plane; angle of twist between neck of femur and femoral condyles; also decreases with age; normally 10-20 ۫ in adults; pathological increase= anteversion (forward twist); decrease= retroversion (backward twist) |
