 | Term | Definition |
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What is the smallest and simplest unit that can carry on all the processes of life - and is the BASIC UNIT of STRUCTURE and function |
cell |
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What does unicellular mean? |
organism that exist as single cells |
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What are organisms called that are made up of groups of cells |
multicellular |
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Who discovered the cell in 1665 and called them little boxes? |
Robert Hooke |
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Who was the first to see the living cell in 1675 using a simple light microscope he built himself? |
Anton von Leewenhoek |
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Who said cells were not hollow empty structures but filled with living stuff inside? |
Felix Dujardin |
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What is protoplasm? |
the living stuff inside cells |
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Which botanist said in 1838 - "all plants are made of cells?" |
Matthias Schleiden |
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Which zoologist said in 1839 - "all animals are made of cells?" |
Theodore Schwann |
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Who said in 1855 that "all cells come from other cells?" |
Rudolf Virchow |
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What are the principles of cell theory? |
all living things are comprised of cells, all cells are produced from other cells, and cells are the basic units of structure and function in all living things |
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What is the range of size in cells? |
from 2 meters long (nerve cell in giraffe leg) to 2 um (bacteria) |
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How big are most plant and animal cells? |
10 to 50 um |
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When are cells visible? |
only with a microscope |
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What does the diversity of shape in a cell relate to? |
the cells particular job |
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What do nerve cells look like? |
long extensions to receive and transmit |
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What do skin cells look like? |
flat cells for body covering |
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What do White Blood Cells look like? |
are able to change shape to move through narrow openings |
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What are the tasks or jobs of a cell? |
to take in food and water, to transform food into energy in the form of ATP, to get rid of waste, and for reproduction |
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What are the main types of cells? |
Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells |
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What are Prokaryotes? |
cells found only in the Kingdom Monera which include bacteria and cyan bacteria |
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What are the characteristics of Prokaryotes? |
no membrane around the genetic material, no nucleus, and no membrane bound organelles |
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What are Eukaryotes? |
protists, plants, fungi, and animals all make up this |
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What are the characteristics of Eukaryotes? |
cells with a nucleus and membrane bound organelles |
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Why is the nucleus important in Eukaryotes? |
it is the control center where DNA and RNA are located |
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What is the function of DNA? |
carry hereditary information - type of nucleic acid that transfers from a parent to an offspring and directs cell functions |
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What is the function of RNA? |
type of nucleic acid that plays an importnat role in the formation of proteins |
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What are organelles? |
tiny cell structures that carry out specific individual functions within the cell and many are enclosed by membranes |
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What is the cell membrane made of? |
plasma |
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What is the function of the cell membrane? |
acts as a boundary to separate the cell from the environment and it allows for shape and flexibility |
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What is the shape of most cells? |
cuboidal or spherical |
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What does selectively permeable mean? |
that a barrier allows some chemicals to pass but not others |
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How thick is the cell membrane? |
7.5 - 10 nm thick |
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What is selectively permeable? |
the cell membrane |
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How many layers are there in the cell membrane and what are they made of? |
2 and each is a sheet of lipids or fats |
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What is cytoplasm? |
the jelly-like material inside the cell membrane that contains salts, organic molecules, and water |
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What is another name for the organelles? |
little organs |
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What is the large, oval structure that contains the genes that control or direct the activities of cell? |
nucleus |
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What is the name of the region between the cell membrane and the nucleus that acts as a double membrane enclosing the nucleus and is perforated by pores? |
nuclear envelope |
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What are chromatin? |
this is when the chromosomes are too spread out and tangled up to be identified as individual structures - these are strands of genetic material floating in the nucleus |
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What is the nucleolus? |
where ribosomes are made |
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Where is the site of protein synthesis - these function as factories to produce proteins? |
the ribosomes |
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Which proteins are produced by free floating ribosomes? |
those used within the cell |
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Which proteins are produced by ribosomes attached to the ER? |
proteins used outside the cell |
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What is the ER? |
endoplasmic reticulum - a membrane that is continuous with the nuclear envelope |
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What is any instrument that makes small objects look larger? |
microscope |
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What instrument uses light and has more than one lens? |
compound microscope |
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What is cell theory? |
a widely accepted explanation of the relationship between cells and living things |
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What is the ability to make things look larger than they are? |
magnification |
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What is a convex lens? |
one that is curved and is thicker in the middle than at the edges |
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What is resolution? |
the ability to distinguish the individual parts of an object |
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What is the rigid layer of nonliving material that surrounds plant cells? |
cell wall |
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In a cell without a cell wall, what forms the outside boundary that separates the cell from its environment? |
cell membrane |
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What produces most of the energy the cell needs to carry out its functions? |
mitochondria |
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What is the name of the maze of passageways that carries proteins and other materials from one part of the cell to another? |
endoplasmic reticulum |
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What receives proteins and other newly formed materials and distributes them to other parts of the cell? |
golgi bodies |
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Which organelles capture energy from sunlight and use it to produce food for the cell? |
chorloplast |
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What is a vacuole? |
the storage area of a cell |
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What are small, round structures in cells that break down large food particles into smaller ones? |
lysosomes |
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In a plant cell, what is the construction site? |
ribosomes |
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In a plant cell, what is the waste disposal plant? |
lysomes |
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In a plant cell, what is the what is the transport system? |
golgi bodies |
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In a plant cell, what is the city hall? |
Nucleus |
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In a plant cell, what is the power plant? |
chloroplast |
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In a plant cell, what is the food processing plant? |
mitochondria |
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In a plant cell, what are the storage tanks? |
vacuoles |
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In a plant cell, what protects and keeps out "unauthorized personnel?" |
cell wall |
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What is an element? |
any substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances |
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What is an atom? |
the smallest unit of an element |
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What is a compound? |
the chemical combination of two or more elements |
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What is a molecule? |
the smallest unit of most compounds |
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What are organic compounds? |
those that contain carbon |
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What are inorganic compounds? |
those that do not contain the element of carbon |
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What are proteins? |
large organic molecules made of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and in some cases sulfur |
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What are amino acids? |
small molecules that make up proteins |
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What are enzymes? |
a type of protein that speeds up the chemical reaction in living things |
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What are nucleic acids? |
very large organic molecules made of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen and phosophorus |
