 | Term | Definition |
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Early Middle Ages |
500-1000 C.E. |
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Charlemagne Frankish |
king who conquered most of Europe he was crowned Holy Roman Emperor by Pope Leo III in the year 800 |
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Vikings |
one of a seafaring Scandinavian people, raided the coasts of northern and western Europe from the eighth through the tenth century |
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Magyars |
barbarian people, migrated into southern Europe, and in the early 10th century ad occupied Hungary, from where their horsemen raided into France, Italy, Germany, and even Spain |
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Feudalism |
a political and economic system of Europe from the 9th to about the 15th century, based on the holding of all land in fief or fee resulting relation of lord to vassal and characterized by homage, legal and military service of tenants, and forfeiture |
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Vassal |
a person who held land from a feudal lord and received protection in return for homage and allegiance |
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Oath of Fealty |
the oath sworn by the tenant to be faithful to his lord |
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Manor |
a manor was a parcel of land granted by the king to a lord or other high ranking person |
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Serf |
a member of the lowest feudal class, attached to the land owned by a lord and required to perform labor in return for certain legal or customary rights |
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Central Middle Ages |
1000-1300 C.E. |
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Papacy |
often Pope Roman Catholic Church; the bishop of Rome and head of the Roman Catholic Church on earth |
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Excommunicate |
a formal ecclesiastical censure that deprives a person of the right to belong to a church |
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Interdict Roman Catholic Church |
an ecclesiastical censure that excludes a person or district from participation in most sacraments and from Christian burial |
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Heresy |
an opinion or a doctrine at variance with established religious beliefs, especially dissension from or denial of Roman Catholic dogma by a professed believer or baptized church member |
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Friars |
a member of a usually mendicant Roman Catholic order |
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Monasticism |
the religious practice in which one renounces worldly pursuits in order to fully devote one's life to spiritual work |
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Common Law |
the system of laws originated and developed in England and based on court decisions, on the doctrines implicit in those decisions, and on customs and usages rather than on codified written laws |
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Magna Carta |
document guaranteeing English political liberties, drafted at Runnymede, a meadow by the Thames, and signed by King John in 1215 under pressure from his rebellious barons |
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Parliament |
the national legislature of various countries made up of the House of Lords and the House of Commons |
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Holy Roman Empire |
a loosely federated European political entity, began with the papal coronation of the German king Otto I as the first emperor in 962 and lasted until Francis II s renunciation of the title at the instigation of Napoleon in 1806 |
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Investiture Controversy |
struggle between the papacy and the secular rulers of Europe over the latter's presentation of the symbols of office to churchmen |
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Late Middle Ages |
1300-1500 C.E. |
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Black Death |
an outbreak of bubonic plague that was pandemic throughout Europe and much of Asia in the 14th century |
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reconquista |
Christian kingdoms in North Africa who rove muslims from Iberian Peninsula |
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Inquisition |
a tribunal that used to be help in the Roman Catholic Church and directed at the suppresson of heresy |
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Avignon Papacy |
following a disagreement between Pope Boniface VIII and King Philip the Fair of France, a French pope, Clement V, was elected. Within four years, civil unrest in Rome and riots between rival factions drove him to take shelter with a Dominican order in Avignon |
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Gothic Style |
type of European architecture that developed in the Middle Ages, characterized by flying buttresses, ribbed vaulting, thin walls, high roofs, light, and airy |
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Hundred Years’ War |
took place in France in the early 1860s to describe the wars between England and France from 1337 to 1453 |
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Council of Constance the council in 1414 |
In1418 they succeeded in ending the Great Schism in the Roman Catholic Church |
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Great Schism |
a period of division in the Roman Catholic Church, 1378–1417, over papal succession, during which there were two, or sometimes three, claimants to the papal office |
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Scholasticism |
the dominant western Christian theological and philosophical school of the Middle Ages, based on the authority of the Latin Fathers and of Aristotle and his commentators |
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Estates General |
advice representatives of all 3 classes of french society: clergy, nobles, townspeople |
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Inquisition |
tribunal formerly held in the Roman Catholic Church and directed at the suppression of heresy |
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