 | Term | Definition |
| |
pineal |
secretes melatonin |
| |
cerebellum |
located posterior and inferior to the cerebrum |
| |
brain stem |
contains midbrain,pons,and medulla oblongata |
| |
midbrain |
most superior structure of the brain stem |
| |
pons |
relays messages from cerebral cortex to spinal cord |
| |
medulla oblongata |
most vital part of the brain because it contains respiratory,cardiovascular, systems as well as gastric secretions, sweating,sneezing swallowing and vomiting |
| |
blood-brain barrier |
prevent passage of chemicals and organisms such as viruses to get into cns |
| |
foramen magnum |
spinal cord exits here |
| |
L2 |
spinal cord extends to this region |
| |
spinal cord |
carries sensory impulses to the brain and motor impulses from the brain to mediate reflex responses |
| |
cauda equina |
where the spinal cord fans out like a horses tail |
| |
8 |
cervical nerves |
| |
12 |
thoracic nerves |
| |
5 |
lumbar nerves |
| |
5 |
sacral nerves |
| |
1 |
coccygeal nerves |
| |
epidural space |
between dura mater and vertebral column |
| |
reflex |
instantaneous automatic response to a stimulus originating from either inside or outside the body |
| |
spinal cord |
where the reflex is processed |
| |
sensory and motor |
all spinal nerves have these components |
| |
c1 |
first pair of spinal nerves merge between here and the occipital bone |
| |
cervical plexus |
c1-c5 |
| |
phrenic |
major nerve that originates in the cervical plexus |
| |
diaphragm |
innervated by the phrenic nerve |
| |
brachial plexus |
c5-t1 |
| |
lumbar plexus |
L1-L4 |
| |
sacral plexus |
L4-S4 |
| |
sacral plexus nerves |
sciatic,common peroneal, tibial |
| |
lumbar plexus nerves |
femoral,obturator, sapheous |
| |
brachial plexus nerves |
axilliary, radial,ulnar, median, musculocutaeous |
| |
median nerve |
median |
| |
musculotaneous nerve |
upper arm |
| |
adductors |
obturator nerve |
| |
radial |
great extensor |
| |
vagus |
nerve that comes from the brain |
| |
photoreceptors |
helps with vision |
| |
thermoreceptors |
detects heat and cold |
| |
muscle spindle |
produces a contraction |
| |
golgi tendons |
inhibits contraction |
| |
baroreceptors |
detect blood pressure and alter heart rate |
| |
nociceptors |
detect pain stimulus |
| |
hypothalamus |
regulates autonomic nervous system |
| |
sympathetic and parasympathetic |
divisions of the autonomic nervous system |
| |
sympathetic |
prepares body for emergency situations |
| |
epinephrine |
hormone of the sympathetic nervous system |
| |
smell |
most primitive of all senses |
| |
pupil |
where light enters the eye |
| |
iris |
colored part of the eye |
| |
cones and rods |
two types of photreceptors |
| |
blind spot |
where the optic nerve exits the retina |
| |
tympanic membrane |
ear drum |
| |
ossicle |
small bones in ear |
| |
carpal tunnel syndrome |
compression of the medial nerve by the tranverse carpal tendon |
| |
encephalitis |
inflammation of the brain caused by infected mosquito |
| |
hyperesthesia |
hypersensitivity to touch |
| |
multiple sclerosis |
autoimmune disease that is a destruction of the myelin sheaths in the cns. |
| |
nerve compression |
nerve impingement: pressure against nerve by bone commonly found on vertebral disks |
| |
nerve entrapment |
pressure against nerve by soft tissue such as muscle or fascia (thoracic outlet syndrome) |
| |
bells palsy |
unilateral facial paralysis resulting from inflammation of fascial muscle - us friction to help |
| |
cerebral palsy |
caused by brain damage occuring before,during,or after birth |
| |
erbs palsy |
birth injur to the upper brachial plexus |
| |
parkinsons disease |
progressive degenerative disorder caused by depletion of dopamine |
| |
poliomyelitis |
transmitted thru fecal matter causing destruction of spinal neurons |
| |
reflex sympathetic dystrophy |
affects limbs: results from trauma,surgery,repetitive movement |
| |
shingles |
acute infection of pns caused by herpes virus |
| |
spina bifida |
congenital defect characterized by lack of osseus development in lamina |
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