 | Term | Definition |
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ABC agreement |
US and Britain decide to get Germany first while just barely holding on in Asia |
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Korematsu VS US |
Sup. Court upholds legality of Japanese relocation camps; 1988 US gov. officially apologizes and pays reparations of $20,000 to each camp survivor |
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Issei & Nissei |
Japanese for first generation Jap. Immigrants to US; Am. Born Japanese |
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War Production Board |
told companies what to make; kept order in business world |
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Norman Rockwell |
artist made the “four freedoms” poster from FDR’s speech: speech, worship, from want and from fear; propaganda poster |
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Henry J. Kaiser |
Sir Launchalot; super fast ship builder; a whole ship in 14 days |
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Office of Price Admin. |
Brought ascending prices down w/ extensive regulations |
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War Labor Board |
imposed ceilings on wage increase |
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John L. Lewis |
leader of United Mine Workers; called off strikes b/c of wage ceilings |
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Smith Conally Anti-Strike Act |
authorized fed gov. to seize and operate tied up industries; strikes against gov. industry a crime |
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Braceros |
thousands of Mexican ag. Workers brought in to US to farm and harvest; lasted 20 years after war over |
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A. Philip Randolph |
head of Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters; black leader; threatened a Negro March on DC for legal rights; gets FDR’s attention |
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Fair Employment Practices Commission |
monitored for discrimination in defense industries |
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“Double V” |
black rally of victory over dictators abroad and racism at home |
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Congress of Racial Equality |
1942; militant organization for black rights |
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“zoot-suit” riot 1943 |
Mex. And Mex. Am. Youth attacked by white sailors looking for them; not sure where |
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race riot |
Detroit; 25 blacks and 9 whites killed |
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Chester Nimitz |
naval strategist; won war at Midway island June 3-6 1942 |
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The “Alcan” Highway |
built up Canada to get to Alaska in case Japan invades through Aleutian Islands |
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“bloody Tarawa” |
in Gilbert Islands; taken after suicidal resistance |
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“Great Marianas Turkey Shoot” |
250 Jap planes down to 29 US planes |
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“Suicide Cliff” |
Saipan; Japanese mass suicide jump in Marianas August 1944; |
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Jimmy Dolittle’s Raid |
bombing mission of Tokyo; launch B-25 from carrier, drop bombs on Tokyo and land in China; April 18, 1942 |
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James Farmer |
organized CORE; racial equality; 1942 blacks move North; starts getting blacks to sit in an all white restaurant to protest |
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Charles Drew |
father of blood bank; was black; died in ambulance b/c they only had white blood |
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Gunnar Myrdal |
Swedish economist; writes “The American Dilemma” says US biggest problem is racism because of stereotype of blacks as inferior among whites; blacks treated as second class by gov. |
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Tuskegee Airmen |
black pilots; segregated and can’t help as much; 99th fire squadron; never lost a bomber |
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Corrigidor |
rock in Manila Bay Philippines; final retreating spot of MacArthur’s forces; he leaves; they surrender and walk the Bataan Death March |
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Executive Order 9066 |
military relocates Jap-Am. To interment camps |
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Minidoka; Manzanar; Heart Mt.; Topaz |
Jap. Interment camps in Idaho; CA; Wyoming; Utah |
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442nd Regiment |
Jap-Am regiment; one of most decorated regiments; “go for broke” |
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Executive Order 8802 |
businesses can make gov. defenses as long as they show they’re hiring minorities; done because of Phillip Randolph; monitored FEDC |
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RnD; rand |
research and development; labs getting better; new promo thing for economy b/c we need new weapons; leads to Manhattan Project, radar and penicillin |
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Anti-sub tactics |
crack German code and know where subs are; radar; air patrol |
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The “desert fox” |
Marshal Erwin Rommel; German leader moves all the way across N. Africa to Egypt; almost gets Suez Canal |
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Montgomery |
British general beats Germans at El Alamein Oct. 1942; moves them to west of Cairo; used Sherman tanks |
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Monte Lassino |
center of German defense in Italy; an only monastery; makes going up Italy very difficult |
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Anzio |
beach head assault in Rome; finally taken in June 4 1944 |
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D-Day |
June 6th 1944; invasion of Normandy beach France; bloody but it works |
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“Blood n Guts” |
George Patton; US leader in France |
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1944 election |
FDR VS Thomas E Dewey (has isolationist VP; not good) |
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Fort Bastogne |
stuck in the middle of Germany’s Battle of the Bulge invasion; General A C McAuliffe refuses to give up and they hold it; “Bloody Bastards of Bastogne” |
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FDR and Hitler dead |
FDR – massive cerebral hemorrhage April 12 1945; Hitler- suicide in Berlin bunker April 30, 1945 |
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‘ the silent service’ |
Am. Subs sink 1,042 Jap ships; 50% of merchant fleet |
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Tokyo Fire Bomb Raid |
torched the city March 9-10 1945; destroyed 250,000 buildings and 83,000 people |
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Hirohito |
agrees to surrender if he can remain the nominal emperor of Japan |
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Stalingrad and Leningrad |
Russia able to hold off Germans; for several years; Stalin dying for a second front |
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Operation Torch |
N. Africa to fight Rommel Desert Fox; from there go to Italy |
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Juno; Gold; Sword; Omaha; Utah |
code names for beaches planned for D-day; Omaha/Normandy is picked |
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Operation Overlord |
D-Day; French Invasion |
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Malmady |
German massacre of Am. POW’s very cruel and brutal |
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Casablanca; Cairo; Teheran; Yalta; Pottsdam |
1943 in Morocco, issue of conditional surrender; ’43 US, Britain and Kai-Shek; ’43 big 3 plan for D-Day; ’45 in Berlin, future of germany |
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Vichy France |
Southern Pro-Nazi French; govern themselves as loyal to nazis; traitors to the Free French in N. France |
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Charles DeGaulle |
leader of Free France; later the pres. |
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Cologne; Dresden; Munich; Berlin |
all German cities bombed by allies; some fire bombed; led to bunkers in Berlin |
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Eva Braun |
marries Hitler; commit suicide together |
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Los Alamos |
New Mexico where A-bomb detonated for first time July 1945; now we have 2 left |
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“Little Boy” and “Fat Man” |
dropped on Hiroshima; dropped on Dagasaki |
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‘Enola Gay’ and ‘Bock’s Car’ |
planes that dropped the A-bombs in Japan |
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