 | Term | Definition |
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Compound |
Composed of atoms of different substances that are chemically combined |
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Element |
A substance that can not be broken down into simpler substances |
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Mixture |
Combination of substances that do not combine chemically but do retain their individual properties |
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Physical properties |
Characteristic of a material that can be observed without changing the identity of the material |
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Buoyancy |
Ability of a fluid to exert and upward force on an object immersed in the fluid |
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Density |
A ratio that compares the mass of an object to its volume |
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Fluid |
A material that flows and has no definite shape |
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Viscosity |
A measure of the resistance of a liquid to flow. |
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Law of conservation of mass |
State that mass is neither created nor destroyed |
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Balanced chemical equation |
Reaction in which the number of atoms of each kind of element is equal of both sides |
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Physical change |
Alters the properties of a substance, but not its chemical composition |
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Rock cycle |
Continuous dynamic set of processes by which rocks are changed into other types of rock |
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Igneous rock |
Rock formed from magma hardening (physical change) |
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Sedimentary rock |
Rock formed from rock fragments being compacted (physical change) |
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Metamorphic rock |
Rock formed when heat and pressure are applied to other rocks, these new rocks have new chemical composition (chemical change) |
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State of matter |
Physical forms in which all matter naturally exists |
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Chemical change |
Process involving one or more substances changing into new substances |
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Digestion |
The process of making food absorbable by breaking it down into simpler chemical compounds |
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Periodic group |
A column of elements on the periodic table, these elements will have similar properties |
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Alkali metals |
Elements in group 1A, very reactive, contain one valence electron |
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Noble Gases |
Elements in group 8A, are not reactive, contain 8 valence electrons |
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Halogens |
Elements in group 7A, very reactive, contain 7 valence electrons |
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Oxidation |
The loss of electrons from the atoms of a substance |
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Rusting |
The oxidation of iron |
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Solubility |
The maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure |
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Solute |
The substance that dissolves |
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Solution |
Uniform mixture that may contain solids, lquids, or gases |
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Solvent |
The dissolving medium |
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Universal solvent |
Water- due to its polarity and ability to dissolve many different solutes |
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Polar |
Description of covalent solid in which electrons are shared unequally given the molecule charged parts |
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Acid |
A substance that tastes sour, reacts with metals and turns blue litmus paper red |
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Base |
A substance that tastes bitter, feels slippery, and turns red litmus paper blue |
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Condensation |
The process by which gas such as water vapor changes to liquid such as water- how clouds are formed |
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Precipitation |
Forms of water such as rain, snow, sleet, or hail that fall from clouds and reach the earth’s surface |
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Evaporation |
The process by which molecules at the surface of a liquid absorb enough energy to change to the gaseous state, such as water vapor |
