 | Term | Definition |
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Describe the causes of the Great Depression. |
There was a tremendous rise of standard living & spending in the 1920s. There was also an unequal distribution of wealth in 1920s. 1% were rich & 75% were considered poor. There was no middle class. Many though that poverty was disppointing from the US forever. Stock market was going very high and so people sold there stocks in fear of it eventually dropping. Then on "Black Tuesday" October 26, 1929, the stock market crashed when 16 million shares of stocks were quickly sold by panicking investors. Thousands made a run on banks to get all there money, forcing banks to close. Between October 29 & November 13, over $30 billion disappeared from the American economy. By 1933, 25% of the nation's workforce (almost 13 million people) were unemployeed. Those who still had their jobs saw their wages fall by 43%. |
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Who was president when the Great Depression started? |
Herbet Hoover |
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What were "Hoovervilles"? |
Shanty towns constructed of packing crates, abandoned cars, && other scraps. |
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Who became president in 1932? |
Franklin D. Roosevelt |
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What was the New Deal? |
Created several new gvmt agencies. Also created programs such as social security and welfare. |
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How many times was Roosevelt re-elected? |
4 times |
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Who became the leader of the Nazi Party in Germany in 1921? |
Adolf Hitler |
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What book did Hitler write? |
Mein Kampf (My Struggle) |
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Describe Hitler's racist philosophy. |
His philosophy was combined socialism with theory of evolution, claimed Germans had evolved into a master race. |
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Who became dictator of Italy in 1922? |
Benito Mussolini |
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What party did Mussolini belong to? |
Fascist Party |
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Who was the emperor of Japan during WWII? |
Emperor Hironito |
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What country did Japan invade in 1937? |
Most of China |
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What 3 countries made up the Axis Powers? |
Japan, Italy, && Germany |
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Who became leader of the Soviet Union in the 1920s? |
Joseph Stalin |
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Where did Germany send troops in 1936? |
Rhineland |
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What was the Sudentanland? |
Located in western Czechloslavakia. Annexed by Germany in 1938. They wanted to fight, but Britain & France prevented it. |
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What happened at the Munich Conference? |
Germany take Sudentenland and agrees not to expand further. |
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Who did Germany sign a non-aggression pact with in 1939? |
Joseph Stalin from USSR |
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When did Hitler invade Poland? |
September 1, 1939. |
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What was the result? |
Britain & France declared war on Germany 2 days later, beginning WWII. |
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What was the Maginot Line? |
Line of concrete, fortifications, tank obstacles, and machine gun posts along France's border with Germany & Italy. |
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How did Germany avoid the Maginot Line? |
They went through Belgium. |
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Describe the Battle of Dunkirk. |
Allies retreat to Dunkirk, france near coast of the English Channel. Trapped by German army over 300,000 British & French soldierd ferried to England by 300 ships on the nights of June 3rd & 4th. |
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What happened on June 14, 1940 |
Paris is captured. |
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Describe the Battle of Britain. |
August 1940-Germany begins bombing Britain almost daily, trying to break British morale. 90,000 bombs hit Britain in September alone. |
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Who was Britain's prime minister? |
Winston Churchill |
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What country did Germany invade in June 1941? |
Soviet Union |
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How did the US respond to Japan's attempt to capture new territory in 1940? |
Japan needed rubber & oil, but US now had embargo against Japan. |
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Who became prime minister of Japan in 1941? |
Hideki Tojo |
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Describe the attack on Pearl Harbor, including the date that it occured. |
The Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor on Sunday morning, December 7, 1941 at 7:55 a.m. Attacked on Oahu, Hawaii where Pearl Harbor was located. Destroyed 18 US hips, 170 airplanes, and killed/wounded over 3500. US aircraft carriers had been out at sea (so they weren't destroyed) The US declared war on Japan the next day. |
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What Japanese admiral planned out the attack on Pearl Harbor? |
Isoroku Yamamoto |
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What Japanese pilot led the attack on Pearl Harbor? |
Mitsuo Fuchida |
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What African American cook became a hero for his bravery during the attack on Pearl Harbor? |
Dorie Miller |
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Who led a bombing raid on Japan in April 1942? |
Jimmy Doolittle |
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What member of the Doolittle raiders was captured by the Japanese && became a Christian while in a Japanese prison camp? |
Jacob Deshazer |
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How were women involved in the war? |
Many worked in factories and this was when most women worked outside of their homes for the first time. |
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Who was Rosie the Riveter? |
fictional character on posters supporting women's rights |
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What African American air regiment shot down over 200 enemy planes? |
Tuskegee Airmen |
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Describe the Navajo Code Talkers. |
Navajo Indians who spoke over phones to eachother in Navajo language. This was the only code NOT broken by the Japanese. |
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What were Nisei? |
Japanese Americans, born in the US. 20,000 fought in the US military |
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Describe the treatment of Japanese Americans during the war. |
There was a total of 120,000 Japanese Americans, including 80,000 Nisei, who were rounded up and taken to prison camps in a desert surrounded by mtns. The buildings were wood with tar paper roofs. There was no plumbing && each family was given an apartment. Wood-burning stoves were used in the apartments for their only source of heat. The kids went to school in the camp and the families stayed in the camp for the whole war. They had to wait in line to go eat 3 times a day (didn't get to choose their food). These prison camps were a big mistake done by the gvmt. |
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What territory did Germany control when America entered the war? |
Most of Europe and parts of North Africa |
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Who was Erwin Rommel? |
commander of German forces in North Africa, nicknamed "Desert Fox" |
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Who was the American commander in Europe? |
Dwight D. Eisenhower |
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What happened to Mussolini in September 1943? |
He was overthrown by the people of Italy and executed with his wife. |
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When and where was D-Day? |
Invasion on Normandy on June 6, 1944 |
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What was the code name for D-Day? |
Operation Overlord |
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Describe the Battle of the Bulge. |
The Germans tried to push the Allies back in France as an act of desperation after being close to defeat. |
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What did Hitler do on April 30, 1945? |
Committed suicide |
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When was V-E Day? |
May 8, 1945 |
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What happened on April 12, 1945? |
President Franklin D. Roosevelt died |
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Who became president after Roosevelt died? |
Harry S. Truman |
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Describe the Holocaust. |
Holocaust refers to the mass murder of 6 million Jews && 6 million others (Christians, Poles, handicapped, Gypsies, communists) The Jews were rounded up by the SS. led by Heinrich Himmler and taken to ghettos before being taken to concentration camps. Cruel & inhumane medical experiments were also performed at concentration camps. These medical experiments were led by Dr. Joseph Mengele (AKA- "Angel of Death") Auschwitz was the worse camp where over 1 million were killed. |
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What German doctor was famous for cruel and inhumane experiments performed during the Holocaust? |
Dr. Joseph Mengele |
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What was Kristallnacht? |
Nazis destroyed everything that was Jewish (synague, shops) then sent Jews to ghettos before going to concentration camps. |
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Who was the American commander in the Pacific? |
Douglas MacArthur |
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Describe the Bataan Death march |
Starving American troops surrendered on April 9, 1942. The Japanese marched 70,000 American prisoners 60 miles. Those who fell behind were shot. Many died of malaria, heat, or dehydration. Over 20,000 died before they reached their destination. |
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What battle was the first major Japanese defeat? |
Battle of Midway |
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Who warned Roosevelt that Germany was trying to build an atomic bomb? |
Albert Einstein |
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What was the Manhattan Project? |
small group of scientists trying to make atomic bomb by splitting an atom. |
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What was the Potsdam Declaration? |
Truman told Japanese that they needed to surrender or they would face utter & complete destruction. |
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When and where was the 1st atomic bomb dropped? |
August 6, 1945 on Hiroshima. |
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What plane dropped the 1st atomic bomb? |
B-29 (name: Enola Gay) |
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When and where was the 2nd atomic bomb dropped? |
August 9, 1945 on Nagasaki. |
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When was V-J Day? |
Japan surrendered on August 15, 1945 |
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When did Japan sign the formal surrender? |
September 2, 1945 |
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On what ship did the formal surrender take place? |
USS Missouri |
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How many people were killed in WWII? |
40 million (more than half were civilians) |
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What happened to Germany's territory as a result of WWII? |
It was divided into 4 parts. |
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What song is Hannah listening to as she types this Quizlet??? (lol) |
'ELEVATOR' BY FLO RIDA! O YAH! bestest song eva! |
