| Term | Definition |
|
Wave |
A disturbance that transfers energy from place to place |
|
Energy |
The ability to work |
|
Medium |
Material through which a wave travels |
|
Mechanical wave |
A wave that requires a medium through which to travel |
|
Vibration |
A repeated back-and-forth or up-and-down motion |
|
Transverse wave |
A wave that moves the medium in a direction perpendicular to the direction in which the wave travels |
|
Crest |
The highest part of a transverse wave |
|
Trough |
The lowest part of a transverse wave |
|
Longitudinal wave |
A wave that moves the medium parallel to the direction in which the wave travels |
|
Compression |
The part of a longitudinal wave where the particles of the medium are close together |
|
Rarefaction |
The part of a longitudinal wave where the particles of the medium are far apart |
|
Surface wave |
A wave that occurs at the surface between two mediums |
|
Amplitude |
The maximum distance the particles of a medium move away from their rest positions as a wave passes through the medium |
|
Wavelength |
The distance between two corresponding parts of a wave |
|
Frequency |
The number of complete waves that pass a given point in a certain amount of time |
|
Hertz (Hz) |
Unit of measurement for frequency |
|
Reflection |
The bouncing back of a wave when it hits a surface through which it cannot pass |
|
Angle of incidence |
The angle between an incoming wave and an imaginary line drawn perpendicular to the surface of the new medium |
|
Angle of reflection |
The angle between a reflected wave and an imaginary line drawn perpendicular to the surface of the new medium |
|
Refraction |
The bending of waves as they enter a different medium |
|
Diffraction |
The bending of waves around a barrier |
|
Interference |
The interaction between waves that meet |
|
Constructive Interference |
The interference that occurs when two waves combine to make a wave with a larger amplitude |
|
Destructive Interference |
The interference that occurs when two waves combine to make a wave with a smaller amplitude |
|
Standing wave |
A wave that appears to stand in one place, even though it is really two waves interfering as they pass through each other |
|
Node |
A point of zero amplitude on a standing wave |
|
Antinode |
A point of maximum amplitude on a standing wave |
|
Resonance |
The increase in the amplitude of vibration that occurs when external vibrations match the object’s natural frequency |
|
Seismic wave |
A wave produced by an earthquake |
|
Primary wave |
A longitudinal seismic wave |
|
Secondary wave |
A transverse seismic wave |
|
Tsunami |
Surface wave on the ocean caused by an underwater earthquake |
|
Seismograph |
Instrument used to detect and measure earthquakes |