 | Term | Definition |
| |
atom |
basic unit of matter |
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nucleus |
a part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and reproduction |
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electron |
A negatively charged subatomic particle located outside the nucleus. |
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element |
a form of matter that containsonly one kind of atom |
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isotope |
Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei. |
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compound |
a substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements in definite proportions |
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ionic bond |
Formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another |
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ion |
positively or negatively charged atom |
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covalent bond |
A bond whose electrons are shared between atoms |
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molecule |
the smallest unit of most compounds |
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van der Waals forces |
a slight attraction that develops between the oppositely charged regions of nearby molecules |
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cohesion |
an attraction between molecules of the same substance |
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adhesion |
attraction between molecules of different substances |
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mixture |
a material composed of two or more elements or compounds that are physically mixed together but not chemically combined |
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solution |
mixture where all components are even distributed |
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solvent |
substance in which a solute is dissoloved to form a solution |
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solute |
substance that is dissolved in a solvent to make a solution |
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suspension |
mixture of water and nondissolved materials |
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pH scale |
measurment system used to indicate the concentration of hydrogen ions in solution: ranges from 0-14 |
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acid |
compound that forms hydrogen ions in solution |
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base |
compund that produces hydroxide ions in solutions |
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buffer |
weak acids or bases that can react with strong acids or bases to prevent sharp sudden changes in PH |
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monomer |
small unit that can join together with other small units to form polymers |
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polymer |
large compound formed from combinations of many monomers |
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carbohydrate |
A key source of energy; Organic compunds madre of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen. |
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monosaccharide |
single sugar molecule (monomer) |
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polysaccharide |
large macromolecule formed from monosaccharides |
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lipid |
macromolecules used for energy storage, cell membranes, and waterproofing |
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nucleic acid |
macromolecule containing hydrogen oxygen nitrogen carbon and oxygen |
| |
nucleotide |
The building block of a nucleic acid, consisting of a five-carbon sugar covalently bonded to a nitrogenous bas and a phosphate group. |
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ribonucleic acid |
(RNA) single-stranded nucleic acid that contains the sugar ribose |
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deoxyribonucleic acid |
(DNA) nucleic acid that contains the sugar deoxyribose |
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protein |
needed by the body for growth repair, and to make up enzymes |
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amino acid |
basic building block for protein compound with an amino group (−NH2) on one end and a carboxyl group (−COOH) on the other end |
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chemical reaction |
a process that changes one set of chemicals into another set of chemicals |
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reactant |
the elements or compounds that enter into a chemical reaction |
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product |
the elements or compounds that are produced by a chemical reaction |
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activation energy |
the energy that is needed to get a reaction started |
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catalyst |
a substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction |
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enzyme |
proteins that act as a cell's biological catalysts |
| |
substrate |
The reactants of an enzyme catalyzed reaction |
