Set: Biology Chapter 12

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All 28 Terms

Term Definition
transformation process in which one strain of bacteria appears to change into another one
bacteriophage A virus that infects bacteria
nucleotide monomer of nucleic acids made up of a 5 carbonsugars a phosphate group and a nitrogen base
base pairing princible that states that only Adenine+ Thymine, Cytosine+ Guanine
chromatin consists of DNA tightly coiled around proteins
histone protein molecule around which DNA is tightly coiled in chromatin
replication process in which DNA makes a copy of itself
DNA polymerase The enzyme which puts together the nucleotides in DNA replication
gene sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus detrmines a trait
messenger RNA RNA molecule that carries copies of instructions for the assembly of amino acids into proteins from DNA to the rest of the cell
ribosomal RNA type of RNA that makes up the major part of ribosomes
transfer RNA type of RNA molecule that transfers amino acids to ribosomes during protein synthesis
transcription a process that takes place in a cell where DNA acts as a template to form mRNA
RNA polymerase enzyme similar to DNA polymerase that binds to DNA and seperates the DNA strands during transcription
promoter region of DNA that indicates to an enzyme where to bind to make RNA
intron sequence of DNA that is not involved in coding for a protein
exon expressed sequence of DNA; codes for a protein
codon a group of three nucleotides on mRNA that specifies an amino acid
translation decoding of an mRNA message into a polypetide chain
anticodon group of three bases on a tRNA molecule that are complimentary to an mRNA codon
mutation change in a DNA sequence that affects genetic information
point mutation gene mutation involving changes in one or a few nucleotides
frameshift mutation mutation that shifts the reading frame of teh genetic message by inserting or deleting a necleotide
polyploidy condition in which an organism has an extra set of chromosomes
operon a group of genes that operate together
operator region of chromosome in an operon to which the reppressor binds when the operon is turned off
differentiation process in which cell become specialized in structure and function
hox gene series of genes that control the differentaion of cells and tissues in an embryo

Set Information

Terms 28
Creator nureekan
Created March 28, 2008
Groups None
Tag biology
Access Anyone
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Description

DNA
Chromosomes and DNA Replication
RNA and Protein Sythesis
Mutations
Gene Regulation

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Most Missed Words

  1. promoter → region of DNA that indicates to an enzyme where to bind to make RNA - 7 misses
  2. exon → expressed sequence of DNA; codes for a protein - 7 misses
  3. frameshift mutation → mutation that shifts the reading frame of teh genetic message by inserting or deleting a necleotide - 7 misses
  4. nucleotide → monomer of nucleic acids made up of a 5 carbonsugars a phosphate group and a nitrogen base - 6 misses
  5. mutation → change in a DNA sequence that affects genetic information - 5 misses
  6. operon → a group of genes that operate together - 5 misses
  7. base pairing → princible that states that only Adenine+ Thymine, Cytosine+ Guanine - 4 misses