 | Term | Definition |
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muscle tissue |
tissue that can contract or shorten. it makes your body move. |
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nervous tissue |
tissue that carries electrical messages back and forth between the brain and and other parts of the body |
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connective tissue |
tissue that provides support for your body and connects all its parts |
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epithelial tissue |
tissue that protects the delicate structures that lie beneath, ex: skin |
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organ system |
a group of body organs that work together to perform major functions |
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digestion |
the break down of food into small molecules the body can use |
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kidney |
the major organs of the excretory system that removes urea and other wastes from the blood |
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nephron |
tiny filtering factories that remove wastes and needed materials from the blood, are located in the kidneys |
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urinary bladder |
where urine is stored until it leaves the body through the urethra |
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pathogen |
disease-causing bacteria and viruses |
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immunity |
the ability to destroy pathogens before they can cause disease |
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homeostasis |
the body's tendency to keep an internal balance |
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stress |
the reaction of your body to potentially threatening, challenging, or disturbing events |
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What are the levels or organization in the body? |
cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems |
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What are the 11 organ systems? |
integumentary, skeletal, muscular, circulatory, respiratory, digestive, excretory, immune, reproductive, nervous, and endocrine system |
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What does the integumentary system do? |
your body's covering, includes skin that protects your body from injury and disease-causing bacteria, also regulates body temperature, |
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What does the skeletal system do? |
made up of all bones in body, supports body and and gives it structure, protects body organs, |
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What does the muscular system do? |
this system works together to move the body |
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What does the circulatory system do? |
serves as a transportation network, carries food and oxygen to all the cells in the body |
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What does the respiratory system do? |
takes in oxygen and disposes of carbon dioxide |
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What does the digestive system do? |
beaks down food into small molecules the body can use |
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What does the excretory system do? |
removes wastes from blood stream |
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What does the immune system do? |
protects system from disease-causing bacteria and viruses |
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What does the reproductive system do? |
contains organs that produce sex cells and produce chemicals that regulate the physical development of maturing bodies and makes it possible for a woman to be pregnant and delivery a baby |
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What does the nervous system do? |
allows you to think, move, hear music, ect. takes in information from your environment from your environment and from within your body |
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What does the endocrine system do? |
helps regulate the activities of the organs and organ systems by releasing hormones |
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skeleton |
your body's framework |
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vertebrae |
26 small bones that make up your back |
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joint |
a place in your body where two bones come together |
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ligament |
strong connective tissue that holds together bones in movable joints |
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cartilage |
connective tissue that is very flexible |
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compact bone |
the outside layer of a bone that is hard and dense but not solid |
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Spongy bone |
the layer inside a femur's compact bone that has many small spaces within it |
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marrow |
a soft connective tissue |
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osteoporosis |
a condition in which the bones become weak and break easily |
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What are the five functions of the skeleton and why are they useful? |
provides shape and support, enables you to move, protects your organs, produces blood cells, stores minerals and other materials. it's useful because it lets you stand and move and keep your body healthy |
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Bones are... |
living structures, they undergo growth, and undergo developement |
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What is needed for a lifetime of healthy bones? |
a combination of balanced diet and regular excersize |
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involuntary muscles |
muscles that are not under your conscious control |
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voluntary muscles |
muscles that are under your conscious control |
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skeletal muscles |
muscles attached to the bones of your skeleton |
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tendon |
a strong connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone |
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Striated muscle |
skeletal muscle that appears to be banded |
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smooth muscle |
involuntary muscles that work automatically to control certain movements inside your body such as the digestive system. |
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cardiac muscle |
muscle found only in heart, involuntary, muscle cells striated, can contract repeatedly without a rest, heart sends out signals to get this muscle to contract |
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What are the three types of muscle and what do they do? |
skeletal: provide force that moves your bones, cardiac: contract to make heartbeats, smooth: control certain movements in body |
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How does skeletal muscle work? |
they work in pairs, when one muscle contracts the other muscle in the pair relaxes to its original length |
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force |
a push or pull on an object |
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work |
when you exert a force on an abject that causes the object to move some distance in the same direction as the force |
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What is the equation for work? |
work= force x distance |
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machine |
a device that allows you to do work in a way that is easier or more effective |
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lever |
a rigid rod that is free to rotate around a fixed pivot point |
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fulcrum |
the fixed point that a lever rotates around |
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effort force |
the force that you exert on a lever |
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effort distance |
distance you push down |
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resistance force |
force that a lever exerts on an object |
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resistance distance |
distance the lever pushes up on an object |
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mechanical advantage |
the number of times a lever increases a force exerted on it |
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what is the equation for mechanical advantage? |
mechanical advantage= resistance force divided by effort force |
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effort arm |
distance from the fulcrum to the effort force |
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resistance arm |
distance from the fulcrum to the resistance force |
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What is the relationship between effort and work? |
the relationship is that the more effort you put in the more force there will be |
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How do levers make work easier? |
by changing the amount of force exerted or the direction of the force |
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What are some examples of our bones and muscles functioning as levers in our body? |
our jaw, ball of the foot, elbow, knee, ect. |
