Set: Upper Respiratory Diseases: The Mouth and Throat

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All 69 Terms

Term Definition
Haemophilus, Coagulase Negative Staph, Viridans Strep, Neisseria, and assorted anaerobes Normal Flora of the mouth
Vincent's angina Also known as trench mouth, fusospirillary gingivitis, and ulcerative gingivostomatitis.
Vincent's angina This disease is a painful, progressive infection with ulceration and sloughing off of dead tissue of the mouth and throat.
Vincent's angina This disease includes swelling, is very painful, can spread to the teeth and into the jaw, and includes halotosis as a side effect.
Vincent's angina This disease develops when the balance in the mouth is disrupted by poor oral hygiene, tobacco use, or stress.
Vincent's angina This disease is usually sudden onset, causes swollen lymph nodes, and a gray film on the gums. It also includes severe bleeding of the gums at the slightest pressure.
Vincent's angina Symptoms include swollen gums, red gums, and destruction of the tissue of the gums. Also, crater-like sores are seen between the teeth and on the gums with plaque and debris in them. These patients have foul smelling breath.
Vincent's angina This disease is caused by a fusiform and spirochete bacteria that will overgrow the other normal flora of the mouth.
Penicillin and oral care Treatment for Vincent's angina (or trench mouth)
Gum scraping Gram stain of a specimen with a spirochete and fusiform bacteria from a trench mouth patient is obtained via...
LJP Localized juvenile periodontitis or...
Localized juvenile periodontitis This disease involves rapid degeneration and destruction of the alveolar bone supporting the first permanent molars or incisors.
Localized juvenile periodontitis The distribution of these lesions are usually symmetrical and on both sides of the mouth.
Localized juvenile periodontitis This disease is not usually seen until late, and the mouth may appear normal, but the bone loss leads to bleeding upon probing of the areas.
Localized juvenile periodontitis This disease involves lesions in the mouth that are highly active immediately following puberty, but that may slow down or stop altogether spontaneously. (The hormonal changes can allow it to flare up)
Localized juvenile periodontitis This disease primarily is seen in 12-26 year olds and is four times more prevalent in females than males. There is thought to be a genetic component to its contraction since it has a highest incidence in African Americans.
Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans This bacteria is an agent of Localized juvenile periodontitis, and it produces a lipopolysaccharide layer that induces inflammation and allows its colonization. Also, it has potent leukotoxins that induce osteoclasts to reabsorb bone.
Eikenella corrodens This bacteria is an agent of Localized juvenile periodontitis, but not as common as another.
viral or fungal in nature Specimens labeled buccal cavitiy, tongue, inner lip, etc should not be cultured because they are most likely...
Cervicofacial actinomycosis This disease is a chronic infection of the head and neck.
Cervicofacial actinomycosis This disease occurs most often in adult males and is caused by the bacterium Actinomyces which is seen just in the mouth or externally in the form of lumpy jaw.
Cervicofacial actinomycosis Lumpy jaw is associated with...
Cervicofacial actinomycosis Risk factors of this disease include tooth decay, maxillofacial trauma, and dental operations.
Cervicofacial actinomycosis Symptoms of this disease include a small, flat hard swelling in the mouth or on the neck or jaw.
Subperiosteal On the jaw
Cervicofacial actinomycosis Symptoms include many, small communicating abscesses that start to connect to each other with surrounding granulation. Also, the sinuses begin to discharge sulphur-like granules that contain its infectious agent.
Cervicofacial actinomycosis This disease is seen in the tonsils, tongue, cheek, lips, or anywhere else it was implanted by trauma.
Cervicofacial actinomycosis This disease is diagnosed by the examination of the pus that is drained from the sinuses or biopsy specimens. If sulphur granules are found, it is characteristic of this disease's bacteria. The bacteria appear like gram positive beaded filaments.
Cervicofacial actinomycosis The treatment for this disease includes surgical debridement and often 12 months of antibiotics to get it out of the bone.
Actinomyces This microbe causes cervicofacial actinomycosis, and utilizes its ability to line intracellularly and form biofilms to its advantage.
Haemophilus, Coagulase negative staph, viridans strep, neisseria, assorted anaerobes, and Corynebacterium These bacteria make up the normal flora of the throat.
Acute epiglottitis This disease involves the severe swelling of the epiglottis leading to airway obstruction and cellulitis of the suproglottic tissue.
Acute epiglottitis This disease is most common in kids that are 2-7 years old and adult males that are 20-30 years old.
Acute epiglottitis (usually have to put a trachea tube in to help them breath) This disease is acute onset and includes a sore throat, dysphagia, fever, difficulty swallowing, drooling, respiratory distress, and possible airway obstruction.
Inspiratory stridor When one breathes in it creates a strangling sound.
H. influenzae This bacteria is the most common cause of acute epiglottitis, and the HIB vaccine will not protect against it because it is a non-encapsulated form.
Acute pharyngitis This disease is seen in mostly children 5-15 years old during the winter and spring due to lots of coughing and a lack of fresh air.
Acute pharyngitis This disease is transmitted via the respiratory route and has a 2-4 day incubation period. There may also be a rash with the illness.
Acute pharyngitis The is disease occurs 3.5 times out of 100,000 people. 15% become asymptomatic carriers after treatment keeping it around all winter.
Acute pharyngitis Symptoms of this disease include inflamed tonsils and an endematous throat, dysphagia, fever, headache, nausea and vomiting, and gray-white patches over the tonsils and back of the throat.
S. pyogenes This bacteria is a common causative agent of acute pharyngitis.
not strep throat A patient has a sore throat and rhinorrhea, a cough, and diarrhea. What is it?
Penicillin or erythromycin The drugs of choice to treat S. pyogenes.
M proteins There are at least 80 antigenically different and distinct strains of these proteins.
M proteins These are a dimer of two membrane proteins that form a coiled coil. (like in DNA)
M proteins On these proteins there are constant and variable ends, and the N-terminus tends to be the variable end. These are accessible to the patient's immune system and the host antibody will go against the hypervariable regions that opsonize the bacteria.
M1 and M3 These M proteins are most commonly associated with glomerulonephritis and rheumatic fever.
M1 and M3 These M proteins are heat stable, trypsin labile and bifrillar proteins that are associated with the outer surface of these microbes.
M proteins Bind a variety of host proteins to help colonize surfaces and resist phagocytosis.
CD46 M proteins help with adherence via interaction with...
Factor H M proteins bind with...
CD46 Factor H binds to...
Fibrinogen CD46 binds to...
Fc portion of immunoglobulins Fibrinogen binds to...
Fibronectin, and host phagocyte protease inhibitors For host colonization, M proteins bind to...
Opacity factor This is a cellular surface antigen that is a lipoproteinase that renders media opaque, it is usually associated with strains that cause skin infections.
Lipotechoic acid This is a surface antigen that aids in attachment to pharyngeal epithelial cells.
Capsules Made of hyaluronidase and help with invasiveness into soft tissue.
S. pyogenes C5a peptidase and toxins, hemolysins, and enzymes are all other virulence factors for what bacteria.
SPE Streptococcal Pyogenic Exotoxins
SPE A This toxin is responsible for the rash that appears in a lot of Strep pyogenes infections. It induces fever and acts as a superantigen.
SPE A, B, C Toxin is able to induce proliferation of host T-lymphs regardless of their antigenic specificity by binding to class II MHC molecules leading to superactivation of the T cells and a release of tons of cytokines: TNF, interferon. Side effects can include leaky capillaries, hypotension, and shock.
Streptolysin O This toxin is oxygen labile, antigenically inhibited by cholesterol and toxic to a lot of cell types.
Streptolysin S This toxin is oxygen stable, non-antigenic, and toxic to a lot of different cell types. It exists as intracellular, cell-surface bound and extracellular, it also is associated with the carrier molecule albumin. It is responsible for both surface and subsurface hemolysis because of its stability. Also, it damages the surfaces of PMNs, platelets, and internal subcellular organisms.
DNAse, Hyaluronidase, Streptokinase, and C5a peptidase These four enzymes are also streptococcal enzymes that aid in destruction in the body.
Strep screen This test only looks for Beta-hemolytic group A strep.
Complete throat culture This test involves the addition of a CHOC plate and it looks for other pathogens than Beta-hemolytic strep like S. aureus, H. influenzae, S. pneumoniae, and N. meningitidis. For kids under nine years old, they will automatically plate a CHOC plate.
GAS Beta-hemolytic, bacitracin sensitive, PYR positive
Group C Second most common isolated group of Streps.

Set Information

Terms 69
Creator hahohen
Created March 31, 2008
Groups None
Tags clinical, microbiology
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Description

The second part of the Upper Respiratory disease set with terms from the mouth and throat.

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hahohen : Changed Viridans Strep, Neisseria, Coagulase Negative Staph, Haemophilus, assorted anaerobes, and Corynebacterium → These bacteria make up the normal flora of the throat. to Haemophilus, Coagulase negative staph, viridans strep, neisseria, assorted anaerobes, and Corynebacterium → These bacteria make up the normal flora of the throat.
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Most Missed Words

  1. Cervicofacial actinomycosis → Risk factors of this disease include tooth decay, maxillofacial trauma, and dental operations. - 2 misses
  2. Cervicofacial actinomycosis → The treatment for this disease includes surgical debridement and often 12 months of antibiotics to get it out of the bone. - 2 misses
  3. Fibronectin, and host phagocyte protease inhibitors → For host colonization, M proteins bind to... - 2 misses
  4. Lipotechoic acid → This is a surface antigen that aids in attachment to pharyngeal epithelial cells. - 2 misses
  5. Haemophilus, Coagulase Negative Staph, Viridans Strep, Neisseria, and assorted anaerobes → Normal Flora of the mouth - 1 miss
  6. Vincent's angina → This disease is usually sudden onset, causes swollen lymph nodes, and a gray film on the gums. It also includes severe bleeding of the gums at the slightest pressure. - 1 miss
  7. Localized juvenile periodontitis → This disease primarily is seen in 12-26 year olds and is four times more prevalent in females than males. There is thought to be a genetic component to its contraction since it has a highest incidence in African Americans. - 1 miss