 | Term | Definition |
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Theodore Roosevelt |
Police commissioner who called for expansion |
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John Hay |
Ambassador who called for expansion |
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Henry Cabot Lodge |
Massachusetts senator who called for expansion |
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Monroe Doctrine |
1823 - Attitude that told Europeans to stay out of Latin America |
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Manifest Destiny |
Idea prevalent from 1840s-1850s associated with Indians, gold and China |
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Josiah Strong |
Author of Our Country, on Anglo-Saxon superiority |
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Rudyard Kipling |
British author of "White Man's Burden" |
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Pearl Harbor |
Purchased in 1887 |
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Nationalism Imperialism Militarism Entangling alliances |
Causes of WWI. Order NIME, spaces inbetween |
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Triple-entent |
Alliance between UK, Russia and France established 1894, 1904, 1907 |
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Triple alliance |
Alliance between Austria-Hungary, Germany and Italy, established 1879 and 1882 |
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Serbia |
Site where Archduke Francis Ferdinand is assassinated |
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Gavrilo Princip |
Assassinates Ferdinand on June 28th, 1914 |
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Economy Seas Culture Propaganda |
Causes of US entrance into WWI. Order ESCP, spaces inbetween, one word each |
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Lusitania |
Passenger-liner sunk off Ireland in May 1915 |
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William Jennings Bryan |
Resigns due to Lusitania Notes |
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Arabic |
Passenger-liner sunk in August 1915 |
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Sussex |
Passenger-liner sunk in March 1916 |
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Sussex Pledge |
Agreement in which Germany ceases submarine warfare if British stop mining North Sea |
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1916 |
Election year, Wilson v. Charles Hughes |
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Zimmerman note |
Proposes Mexico-German relations |
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Council for National Defense |
Investigative committee established 1916, pre-war planning that wasn't very effective |
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Money Industry Spirit People |
Mobilization needs, order MISP, one word spaced |
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Amendment 16 |
Number of the amendment that legalizes income tax in 1913 |
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War Industries Board |
Board that organizes industry, reduces waste, rations resources, fairly ineffective (plural) |
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Overman Act |
Act that regulates railroads during WWI |
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Lever Act |
Sets up Food and Fuel Administration, consolidates industry |
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Herbert Hoover |
Leads Food and Fuel Administration |
| |
George Creel |
Propagandist in charge of Committee of Public Information |
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Conscription Act |
June 5, 1917: Act that drafts people with two lotteries |
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AFL |
Labor group that supports war effort (use initials) |
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War Labor Board |
Lead by Taft during WWI |
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John Pershing |
Leader of the American Expeditionary Force |
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Battle of Chateau-Thierry |
June 4, 1918: first large US battle |
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Battle of Verdun |
September 26, 1918: Last US engagement, US fights alone |
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Meuse-Argonne Offensive |
Offensive strike by US that gets to St. Mihiel and Verdun, ending WWI |
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Wilson Clemenceau Lloyd George Orlando |
Big Four at Versaille, initials WCLGO separated by spaces |
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Reservationist Republicans |
Post-WWII group lead by Henry Cabot Lodge opposed to ARticle X |
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Johnson Borah |
Leaders of the irreconciliables, order JB |
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Emergency Quota Act |
1921 Act that stipulates only 3% of 1910 immigrants are allowed in |
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Immigration Act |
1924 Act that stipulates only 2% of 1890 immigrants |
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First Red Scare |
Period of strong sentiment against Capitalism and Communism |
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Mitchell Palmer |
Attorney General who prosecutes many suspected Communists |
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Edgar Hoover |
Leader of FBI, begins NARCS during red scare |
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American Legion |
Patriotic organization of veterans |
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Sacco and Vanzetti |
1921 case where Italian archanists are executed under circumstantial evidence order SV |
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Seattle General Strike |
Strike of entire city to gain back conditions lost at end of war |
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John Keynes |
Architect of Mixed Economy model, in which Command and Free Market economies are combined |
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Frederick Taylor |
Pioneered scientific management efficiency |
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Adkins v. Children's Hospital |
Supreme Court that overturns minimum wage for women |
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Charles Evans Hughes |
Secretary of State under Harding |
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Andrew Mellon |
Secretary of Treasury under Harding |
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Fordney-McCumber Tariff |
1922 high tariff supported by Mellon |
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Herbert Hoover |
Secretary of Commerce, facilitates (not regulates) business |
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Harry Daugherty |
Attorney General under Harding who sold illegal liquor licenses and pardons under Harding |
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Albert Fall |
Secretary of Interior under Harding responsible for Teapot Dome scandal |
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Charles Forbes |
Director of Veteran's Bureau, scandal from stealing money |
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1924 |
Election year, Coolidge (Republican) v. LaFollette (Democrat) v. John Davis (Ohio) |
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John Davis |
Ohian compromise candidate between McAdoo and Smith |
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McNary-Haughen Act |
Farmer aid act vetoed twice by Coolidge |
| |
Sinclair Lewis |
Author of Main Street and Babbit, lampoons mid-west and conformity |
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H.L. Mencken |
Directs American Mercury magazine ridiculing small-town values (initials for first two words) |
| |
F. Scott Fitzgerald |
Author of the Great Gatsby, ridiculing materialism |
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T.S. Eliot |
Author of "The Wasteland" on the horrors of war (first two words initials) |
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Ezra Pound |
Poet author of "Hugh Selwyn Mauberley" on postwar crisis |
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Ernest Hemingway |
Author of "Old Man and the Sea", "The Sun Also Rises", "A Farewell to Arms" and "For whom the Bell Tolls" |
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Frank Lloyd Wright |
Pioneering architect of "form follows function" |
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Edward Hopper |
1926 artist who painted Early Sunday Morning: personal cityscapes |
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Georgia O'Keeffe |
Aritst of watercolors, flowers, bleak cityscapes, deserts and bones (20s) |
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Langston Hughes |
Poet Laureate of the Weary Blues |
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The Jazz Singer |
First film to use sound (leading the) |
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UNIA |
Group by Marcus Garvey that seeks immigration back to Africa |
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Hawley-Smoot Tariff |
Tariff instated in 1930 that imposes the highest tariff ever |
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October 29, 1929 |
Date the stock market crashed, Black Tuesday |
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Muscle Shoals Bill |
Bills that would allocate funds to dam the Tennessee River and provide employment, is vetoed by Hoover |
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Herbert Hoover |
31st president from 1929 – 1933 |
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Calvin Coolidge |
30th president from 1923 – 1929 |
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Warren Harding |
29th president from 1921 – 1923 |
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Woodrow Wilson |
28th president from 1912 - 1920 |
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Franklin Delano Roosevelt |
29th president from 1921 - 1945 |
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Hopkins Ickes Wallace Farley |
Brain Trust members, order HIWF |
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100 Days Congress |
Litmus test of New Deal, runs March-June 1933 (use digits) |
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Emergency Banking Act |
Act that closes banks, and then reopens only good banks |
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Glass-Steagall Act |
Act that sets up FDIC, insurance of bank money |
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Beer and Wine Act |
Permits production of alcoholic beverages with 3.2% |
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FERA |
Acronym: Relief agency lead by Hopkins in New Deal |
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CCC |
Acronym: Military-style corp of young men who travel around to do heavy work |
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PWA |
Acronym: Administration lead by Ickes about big jobs: tunnels, bridges, big buildings |
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AAA |
Acronym: Administration run by President that subsidises farmers, managed by Wallace, levies food processor tax |
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NIRA |
Acronym: Act that establishes National Recovery Administration and Public Works Administration |
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NRA |
Acronym: Administration that has blue eagles, sets up codes of competition |
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Chiseler |
A person who put up an NRA blue eagle without following the codes |
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HOLC |
Acronym: Commission that loans money to house owners |
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Farmers Mortgage Act |
Act that aids people in mortgage need |
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Truth-in-Securities Act |
Reform act that cleans up Wall Street, forerunner to SEC |
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TVA |
Acronym: Experimental administration that used government to create jobs and land |
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Second New Deal |
Legislation covered from end of 1933 - November 1984 |
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CWA |
Acronym: Administration that establishes smaller daily jobs for winter |
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SEC |
Acronym: Commission that enforces T-i-S act and Wall Street laws |
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FHA |
Acronym: Administration established by NHA that gives money for housing mortgages |
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Indian Reorganization Act |
Act that partially repeals Dawes Act, "New Deal" for the Indians |
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1928 |
Election year, Hoover against Smith (democrat), booming economy makes it a handy victory |
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1932 |
Election year, Roosevelt v. Hoover |
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1936 |
Election year, Roosevelt v. Landon |
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WPA |
Administration that creates 8M jobs making roads, buildings, bridges and artistic projects |
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NYA |
Acronym: CWA for 17-year-olds |
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REA |
Acronym: Agency that gives power to the poor |
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Resettlement Administration |
Administration that helps move farmers away from Dust Bowl stricken areas |
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National Labor Relations Act |
1935 Act that guarantees the right to Unionize |
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Fair Labor Standards Act |
Act that creates minimum wage and maximum hours |
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Social Security Act |
1935 act that establishes pensions and insurance |
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AFDC |
Acronym: Act that gives aid to families with dependent children, paid for with a withholding tax |
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PUHCA |
Acronym: Administration that regulates public utility monopolies |
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1940 |
Election Year, FDR v. Willkie |
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Revenue Act |
1935 act that shifts tax responsibility to wealthy |
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American Liberty League |
League lead by Al Smith (bumped out by FDR) believing that there was too much government intervention |
| |
Charles Coughlin |
Hyper-liberal radio messiah, anti-semitic, wants nationalization of Banking System |
| |
Frances Townsend |
Hyper-liberal who wants large pensions for all retirees |
| |
Huey Long |
Governor of Louisiana, "Share the Wealth" wants to give $5k to all families |
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NRA AAA |
Acts overturned by New Deal (order NA, acronyms) |
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Roosevelt Recession |
1937 economic downturn caused by sound fiscal policy due to cut spending and higher taxes |
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September 1, 1939 |
Date WWII began with German invasion of Poland |
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Pare Lorentz |
American documentary-writer who exposed the New Deal's workings |
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A Cool Million |
Depressing book by Nat West in which a man loses all money |
| |
Zoot Suit Riots |
Californian riots as farmer migrations displace Hispanics |
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Dust Bowl |
Result of 1920s mismanagement of land |
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John Steinbeck |
Author of The Grapes of Wrath |
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March on Rome |
Event in 1922 that displaces King Victor Emmaneul and establishes Mussolini as leader of Italy |
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Dawes Plan |
American plan to restructure German debt |
| |
Francisco Franco |
Spanish dictator who rises into power after Spanish Civil War in 1936 |
| |
Washington Naval Arms Conference |
Conference held 1921-1922, instance of active isolationism |
| |
Four Power Treaty |
Treaty that maintained status quo in Pacific between Japan, US, France and UK |
| |
Five Power Treaty |
Treaty that establishes 5:3:1 battleship ratio between US, Japan and France |
| |
Nine Power Treaty |
Treaty that establishes open door in China (signed by Western Powers) |
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Kellog-Briand Pact |
1928 pact that outlaws war but allows self-defense |
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Good Neighbor policy |
Reversal of Roosevelt Corallory by Hoover |
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Stimson doctrine |
US response to 1931 Japanese invasion of Manchuria |
| |
London Economic Conference |
Conference in 1933 subverted by FDR's attempts to protect US dollars from deflation |
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Gerald Nye |
Senator in charge of committee that determines war merchants caused WWI |
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Neutrality Acts of 35-37 |
Three successive acts that outlaw trade, travel and loans with belligerents (need years, omit leading 19) |
| |
Ludlow Amendment |
1937 act that would make war declaration possible only by popular referendum, narrowly defeated |
| |
Quarantine Speech |
Speech that marks turning point in US policy from isolationism to interventionism |
| |
Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact |
Non-agression treaty between Germany and Russia |
| |
June 1940 |
Month and Year France falls |
| |
Atlantic Charter |
Joint agreement between FDR and Churchill that defines war aims |
| |
War Powers Act |
Act that grants emergency executive powers to president to run war effort |
| |
James Byrnes |
"Domestic President' who heads Office of War Mobilization |
| |
Joint Chiefs of Staff |
Highest ranking officer of navy and army, George Marshall |
| |
Office of Strategic Services |
Office that organizes intelligence agencies, father of the CIA |
| |
WPB |
Acronym: Manages resources, conservation and production during WWII |
| |
WLB |
Acronym: Regulates workers hours, conditions and wages, prevents inflation |
| |
Office of Price Administration |
WWII Office that installs price controls on essential items to prevent inflation |
| |
Office of War Information |
Manages WWII propaganda to censor bad accounts and make war look good |
| |
Office of Scientific Research and Development |
WWII agency contributes $100Ms to scientific projects like Manhattan, radar, sonar, etc |
| |
London Conference |
July 1942 conference, results in second front in Africa |
| |
George Marshall |
Lead general of the American army during WWII |
| |
Operation Torch |
Codename for allied invasion of North Africa from Novermber 1942 to September 1943 |
| |
Dwight D. Eisenhower |
American commander of WWII |
| |
Bernard Montgomery |
British commander of WWII |
| |
Casablanca Conference |
January 1943 conference between FDR and Churchill that produces Unconditional Surrender doctrine |
| |
Cairo Conference |
November 1943 conference between US, UK and Jiang Jieshi about unconditional surrender of Japan |
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Teheran Conference |
December 1943 conference that begins to arrange D-Day |
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Operation Overlord |
Code name for D-Day |
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June 6, 1944 |
Date of D-Day, largest amphibious assault in the history of the war |
| |
Battle of the Bulge |
December 1, 1944 last ditch effort by Germans to get back to the North sea, Allies defend Antwerp |
| |
Battle of Coral Sea |
May 7th, 1942 battle where ships never see each other, halts Japanese advance |
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Battle of Midway |
June 3-6, 1942 battle, Nimitz wins due to superior intelligence, turning point |
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Battle of Guadacanal |
August 7, 1942 battle with MacArthur, close to Australia |
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Douglas MacArthur |
US General on Pacific front who moved from south to north after retreating from the Phillipines |
| |
Battle of Okinawa |
April-June 1945 Pacfic battle, bloody for Japanese, Nimitz and MacArthur meet up |
| |
Battle of Marianas Islands |
August 4, 1944 battle, taking them was essential to getting Guam, from where Allied forces could bomb Japan |
| |
Battle of Iwo Jima |
March 1945, Pacific battle that, along with the Bulge, assure allied victory |
| |
Yalta Conference |
Conference in Crimea, FDR and USSR make agreements for post-war |
| |
April 25, 1945 |
Date United Nations is established, in san Francisco |
| |
May 8, 1945 |
Date of V-E Day |
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September 2, 1945 |
Date of V-J Day, when MacArthur accepts Japanese surrender off of the Missouri |
| |
Harry Truman |
33rd president 1945 – 1953 |
| |
Potsdam Conference |
Conference where Truman, Atlee and Stalin complete post-war agreements. Trinity test is successful during this time |
| |
Potsdam Declaration |
Warning to Japan of "prompt and utter" destruction |
| |
Hiroshima |
Site of first atom bomb drop "Little Boy" by Enola Gay on Japan |
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Nagasaki |
Site of second atom bomb "Fat Man" by Bockscar drop on Japan |
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John Lewis |
Leader of CIO, helps incite United Mine Workers to strike in 43 |
| |
Smith-Connally Act |
Act in response to UMW strike that authorizes government to seize industries that are vital to National Defense (has an a) |
| |
fascism racism |
Things Double V minority group wanted to combat (order fr) |
| |
Bracero program |
Labor program between US and Mexico importing workers |
| |
Korematsu v. US |
Court case that upholds constitutionality of Japanese internment camps |
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