 | Term | Definition |
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Bonding and Reactivity |
Chemicle reaction occurs, become more stable |
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Ionic Bonds |
Bond between a metal and nonmetal |
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Covalent bonds |
Bond between two elements from the same side of the table |
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Electron Transefer |
Atoms with fewer than 4 valence electrons transfer them to atom with more than 4 valence electrons |
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Ion |
Loses electron: positive ion; gains electron: negitive ion |
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Non-polar Bonds |
Bonds cancel each other out |
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Polar Bonds |
Electons shared unequally, one atom slightly positive and the other a little negitive |
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Cohesion of Water |
Water monecules stick together |
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Adhesion of Water |
Water tends to stick to objects |
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Surface Tension of Water |
Molecules on surface only affected by those below the surface, forms water drops as spheres |
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Chemical Reaction |
Production of new materials that are chemicly different than before |
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5 Pieces of Evidence for a Chemical Reation |
Color change, precipitate, gas production, change in temperature, change in properties |
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Chemicle Equation |
A short, easy way of showing a chemicle reaction with symbols |
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Reactants |
Materials at the begining of a chemicle reaction |
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Products |
Materials at the end of a chemicle reaction |
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Law of Conservation of Mass |
The mass of the products is equal to the mass of the reactants |
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Synthesis |
Two or more elements combine to form a more complex compound |
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Decomposition |
A compond breaks down into simpler substances |
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Single Replacement |
One element replaces another in a compound |
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Double Replacement |
Two elements in different compounds swap places |
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Subsript |
Identifies the number of atoms in a compound |
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Coefficient |
Represents the number of molecules |
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5 Factors that Affect the Rate of Reation |
Concentracion, temperature, catalyst, inhibitor, enzyme |
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Exothermic Reaction |
Energy is released |
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Endothermic Reaction |
Energy is absorbed |
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Activation Energy |
The amount of energy required to start a reaction |
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pH |
A scale that measures whether a solution is acidic or basic |
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Acid |
Tastes sour, reacts with metals, and turns litmus paper red |
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Base |
Bitter, feels slippery, and turns litmus paper blue |
