 | Term | Definition |
| |
attribution theory |
This states that we explain behavior by either disposition or situation (or some combination of the two) |
| |
fundamental attribution error |
This says that we overemphasize the role of disposition in explaining others' behavior and overestimate the role of situation in explaining our own behavior |
| |
attitudes |
feelings, often based on beliefs, that predispose us to respond in certain ways to objects, people and events |
| |
foot-in-the-door |
this phenomenon describes the tendency of people who have first agreed to a small request to later agree to larger request |
| |
cognitive dissonance |
the theory that we will act to reduce the tension caused by two thoughts that are inconsistent |
| |
chameleon effect |
this refers to the fact that we tend to mimic the feelings and actions of those around us |
| |
Festinger |
He developed the idea of cognitive dissonance |
| |
conformity |
adjusting one's behavior to conform to a group standard |
| |
Asch |
He used lines of similar lengths to test for conformity among college students |
| |
normative social influence |
the influence we respond to when we clap when others clap at a play or bow our heads when others do at a funeral |
| |
informational social influence |
the influence we respond to when e listen to others' opinions on reality |
| |
ways to increase conformity (see pg 733) |
one is made to feel insecure, group has 3 or more people, the group is unaminous, the group is admirable |
| |
more ways to increase conformity (see page 733) |
one has made no prior commitment, others are watching, one's culture supports conformity |
| |
Milgram |
experimented with measuring obedience |
| |
social facilitation |
the phenomenon of stronger responses on simple or well-learned tasks in the presence of others |
| |
social loafing |
the tendency of people to exert less effort in a group effort than when they are individually accountable |
| |
deindividuation |
loss of self-awareness and self-restraint in situations that foster arousal and anonymity |
| |
group polarization |
the enhancement of a group's prevailing inclinations through discussion; that is, the likelihood that a group's opinion will become more extreme after discussion |
| |
groupthink |
the type of thinking that results when desire for harmony overrides good decision making |
| |
stereotype |
a generalized belief about another group |
| |
prejudice |
an unjustifiable attitude toward another group |
| |
discrimination |
unjustifiable negative behavior toward another group, driven by prejudice |
| |
social inequalities |
discrepancies in income, social status, etc that may cause discrimination |
| |
ingroup |
the group that I belong to |
| |
outgroup |
the group that is different from mine |
| |
ingroup bias |
the likelihood that I will favor my group over others |
| |
scapegoat |
someone to blame for things gone wrong |
| |
just world |
phenomenon in which we believe others get what they deserve |
| |
agression |
any physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt |
| |
frustration-aggression principle |
the idea that frustration creates anger which can create agression |
| |
social script |
mental tapes we carry in our heads that tell us how to behave in different situations |
| |
social trap |
a situation in which pursuing one's own interests can cause mutually destructive behavior |
| |
mere exposure effect |
repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases our liking them |
| |
altruism |
unselfish regard for the welfare of others |
| |
bystander intervention |
the act of an observer offering help to someone in need |
| |
bystander effect |
the tendency for a bystander to be less likely to offer help if others are around |
| |
social exchange theory |
the idea that our social behavior is intended to maximize benefits and minimize costs to us |
| |
reciprocity norm |
the idea that we will help those who help us |
| |
social responsibility norm |
the idea that we should care for those dependent on us |
| |
prosocial behavior |
positive, helpful behavior |
