 | Term | Definition |
| |
Light Microscope Advantages |
Display color, a large field of view, easily prepared sample material, examining living material and movement, cheap |
| |
Electron Microscope Advantages |
higher resolution and magnification, may provide a three dimensional view |
| |
Nephron |
A nephron (from Greek νεφρός (nephros) meaning "kidney") is the basic structural and functional unit of the kidney. Its chief function is to regulate the concentration of water and soluble substances like sodium salts by filtering the blood, reabsorbing what is needed and excreting the rest as urine. (wikipedia the diagram!) |
| |
Glucose Regulation |
1) Glucagons - released by Alpha cells in the pancreatic islets when blood sugar is low, it transforms stored glycogen into glucose that enters the blood stream. 2) Insulin - released by Beta cells in the pancreatic islets when blood sugar is high, it transforms glucosein blood to stored glycogen . |
| |
Enzymes of Digestion |
Salivary Amylase; Pepsin; Pancreatic lipase |
| |
Neuron Structure |
[Soma]: Cell body || [Axon]: Long, thin structure which sends out signals from the cell || [Dendrite]: Has branches stretched out to receive signals from the axons of other neurons || [Terminal]: Sends out signals to other neurons or muscles |
| |
Classification |
Kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species, (common name) |
| |
Define active immunity, passive immunity, natural immunity, and artificial immunity. |
[Active]: Immunity due to antibody production by the organism following the invasion by pathogens. || [Passive]: Immunity due to antibodies received from another organism which made them as a result of its own active immunity. || [Natural]: Immunity as the result of infection with a pathogen. || [Artificial]: Immunity as the result of a vaccine. |
| |
Outline the principle of vaccination. |
A weakened or dead version of a pathogen is injected into the body, causing the immune system to mount a primary response. This results in the production of B memory cells. The B-cells "remember" the antibodies to produce in response to the pathogen. When the real pathogen strikes, a secondary response occurs, aided by the memory cell production of pathogen-specific antibodies. This response is much stronger than the primary repsonse and prevents any ill effects. |
| |
Chiasmata and Chromosomes |
During Prophase 1, homologous chromosomes are paired, creating a tetrad. Since they are similar, the chromosomes are attracted to one another, crossing chromosomes over one another. The site where crossing over occurs is called a chiasmata. When the pairs a pulled apart during Anaphase I, some chromosomes switch small parts of the chromosme with the other homologous pair, resulting in crossing over. |
| |
Carrying Capacity |
The maximum number of organisms of a species, or the maximum population size which an environment is able to support. |
| |
Pathogen |
an organism or a virus that causes a disease |
| |
Antigen |
Structural sites of pathogens. The presence of antigens stimulates an immune response, and thus the production of antibodies. |
| |
Antibody |
Bind to specific antigens, usually one. This causes aglutinization of these antigens and thus makes it easier for the phagocytic white blood cells to ingest. |
| |
Antibiotics and Viruses |
Antibiotics are drugs which kill or slow the growth of bacteria. Viruses are not alive, thus antibiotics cannot kill them. |
| |
Kingdoms |
Prokaryotae, Protoctista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia |
| |
Abiotic Environmental Factors |
Light intensity, temperature range, type of soil or rock, pH level/acidity/alkalinity, water availability, dissolved gases, pollution |
| |
Biotic Environmental Factors |
Parasitism, disease, predation |
| |
Recombination |
The process by which progeny derive a combination of genes different from that of either parent |
| |
Meiosis |
PMAT 1 (prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase), cytokinesis, PMAT 2 (repeat of PMAT 1), cytokinesis 2. |
