 | Term | Definition |
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Intelligence |
An overall capacity to think rationally, act purposefully, and deal effectively with the environment |
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Operational Definition |
The operations used to measure a concept |
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Apitude |
A capacity for learning certain abilities |
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Special Aptitude Test |
A test used to predict a person's likelihood of succeeding in a particular area of work or skill |
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Multiple Aptitude Test |
A test that measures two or more aptitudes |
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General Intelligence Test |
A test that measures a wide variety of mental abilities |
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Reliability |
The ability of a test to yield the same score, or nearly the same score, each time it's given to the same person |
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Validity |
The ability of a test to measure what it purports to measure |
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Objective Test |
A test that gives the same score when different people correct it |
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Test Standardization |
Establishing standards for administering a test and interpreting scores |
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Norm |
An average score for a designated group of people |
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Chronological Age |
A person's age in years |
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Mental Age |
The average mental ability displayed by people of a given age |
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Intelligence Quotient (IQ) |
An index of intelligence defined as mental age divided by chronological age and multiplied by 100 |
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Terminal Decline |
An abrupt decline in measured intelligence about five years before death |
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Performance Intelligence |
Intelligence measured by solving puzzles, assembling objects, completing pictures, and other nonverbal skills |
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Verbal Intelligence |
Intelligence measured by answering questions involving vocabulary, general information, arithmetic, and other language-or symbol-oriented tasks |
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Individual Intelligence Test |
A test of intelligence designed to be given to a single individual by a trained specialist |
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Group Intelligence Test |
Any intelligence test that can be administered to a group of people with minimal supervision |
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Normal Curve |
A bell-shaped curve characterized by a large number of scores in a middle area, tapering to very few extremely high and low scores |
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Giftedness |
Either the possession of a high IQ or special talents or apitudes |
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Mental Retardation |
The presence of a developmental disability, and IQ score below 70, or a significant impairment of adaptive behavior |
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Phenylketonuria |
A genetic disease that allows phenylpyruvic acid to accumulate in the body |
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Microcephaly |
A disorder in which the head and brain are abnormally small |
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Hydrocephaly |
A buildup of cerebrospinal fluid within brain cavities |
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Cretinism |
Stunted growth and mental retardation caused by an insufficient supply of thyroid hormone |
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Down Syndrome |
A genetic disorder caused by the presence of an extra chromosome; results in mental retardation |
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Fragile-X Syndrome |
A genetic form of mental retardation caused by a defect in the X chromosome |
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Eugenics |
Selective breeding for desirable characteristics |
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Fraternal Twins |
Twins conceived from two separate eggs |
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identical Twins |
Twins who develop from a single egg and have identical genes |
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Early Childhood Education Program |
Programs that provide stimulating intellectual experiences, typically for disadvantaged preschoolers |
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Inspection Time |
The amount of time a person must look at a stimulus to make a correct judgment about it |
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Speed of processing |
The speed with which a person can mentally process information |
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Neural Intelligence |
The innate speed and efficiency of a person's brain and nervous system |
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Experiential Intelligence |
Specialized knowledge and skills acquired through learning and experience |
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Reflective Intelligence |
An ability to become aware of one's own thinking habits |
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Metacognitive Skills |
An ability to manage one's own thinking and problem-solving efforts |
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Multiple Intelligences |
Howard Gardener's theory that there are several specialized types of intellectual ability |
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G-Factor |
A core of general intellectual ability that is assumed to explain the high correlations among various measures of intelligence |
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Culture-Fair Test |
A test designed to minimize the importance of skills and knowledge that may be more common in some cultures than in others |
| Add or remove terms from this set |
