 | Term | Definition |
| |
arteriole |
small artery |
| |
bowman capsule |
enclosing structure surrounding each glomerulus |
| |
calyx |
cup-like collectiong region of the renal pelvis |
| |
calix |
cup-like collectiong region of the renal pelvis |
| |
catherer |
tube for injection or removing fluids |
| |
cortex |
Outer region |
| |
creatinine |
waste product on muscle metabolism |
| |
creatine clearance |
measure of the efficiency of the kidneys in removing creatinine form the blood |
| |
electrolyte |
a chemical element that carries an electrical charge when disolved in water |
| |
erythropoietin |
a hormone setcreted by the kidney to stimulate the production of red blood cells by bone marrow |
| |
filtration |
passive process where some but not all substances pass through a filter or other material |
| |
glomerulus |
tine ball capillaries in cortex of kidney |
| |
hilum |
depression or hallow in that part of an organ where blood vessels and nerves enter and leave |
| |
meatus |
one of two bean shaped organs behind the abdominal cavity in either side of the backbone in the lumbar region |
| |
medulla |
inner region of the kidney |
| |
micturition |
urination the act of voiding |
| |
nephron |
combination of glomerulus and renal tubule where filtration, reabsorption, and secretion take place in the kidney |
| |
nitrogenous waste |
substance containing nitrogen and excreted in urine |
| |
potassium |
An electrolyte important to body processes. The kidney regulates the balance of potassium concentration within the blood |
| |
reabsorption |
in this process, the renal tubules return materials necessary to the body back into the bloodstream |
| |
renal artery |
blood vessel that carries blood away from the kidney and toward the heart |
| |
renal pelvis |
central collection region of the kidney |
| |
renal tubule |
microscopis tube in the kidney in which urine is formed after filtration |
| |
renal vein |
blood vessel that carries blood away from the kidney and toward the heart |
| |
renin |
a enzymatic hormone synthesized, stored, and secreted by the kidney |
| |
sodium |
an electrolyte regulated in the blood and urine by the kidneys |
| |
trigone |
triangular area in the urinary bladder in which the uretersenter and the urethra exits |
| |
urea |
major nitrogenous waste products excreted in urine |
| |
ureter |
tube leading from each kidney to the urinary bladder |
| |
urethra |
tube leading from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body |
| |
uric acid |
a nitrogenous waste excreted in the urine |
| |
urinary bladder |
hallow muscular sac that hols and stores urine |
| |
urination |
process of expelling urine |
| |
voiding |
emptying of urine for the urinary bladder |
| |
urinalysis |
examination of urine to determin the presence of abnormal elements that my indicate varios pathological conditions |
| |
Na+ |
sodium, an electrolyte |
| |
K+ |
potassium, an electrolyte |
| |
glomerulonephritis |
inglammation of the kidney glomerulus |
| |
interstital nephritis |
inflammation of the renal interstitium |
| |
nephrolithiasis |
kidney stones |
| |
nephrotic syndrome |
a group of clinical signs and symptoms caused by excessive protein loss in the urine |
| |
polycystic kidney disease |
multiple fluid-filled sacs within and on the kidney |
| |
pyelonephritis |
inflammation of the renal pelvis and renal medulla |
| |
renal cell carcinoma |
cancerous tumor of the kidney in adulthood |
| |
renal failure |
failure of the kidney to excrete waste and maintain its filtration function |
| |
renal hypertension |
high blood pressure resulting from kidney disease |
| |
wilms tumor |
malignant tumor of the kidney in childhood |
| |
bladder cancer |
malignant tumor of the urinay bladder |
| |
diabetes insipidus |
inadequate secretion or resistance of the kidney to the cation of antidiuretic hormone |
| |
diabetes mellitus |
inadequate secretion or improper utilization of insulin |
| |
blood urea nitrogen |
measurement of urea levels in blood |
| |
BUN |
blood urea nitrogen |
| |
ADH |
antidiuretic hormone |
| |
creatinine clearance |
measures the rate in which creatinine is cleared from the blood by the kidney |
| |
CT scan |
x-ray image showing a detailed cross-sectional view of organs and tissues |
| |
kidneys, ureters, and bladder |
x-ray examination (without contrast) of the kidneys, uteres, and bladder |
| |
KUB |
kidenys, uteres, and bladder |
| |
reanl angiography |
x-ray examination (without contract) of the vascular system (blood vessels) of the kidney |
| |
retograde pyelogram |
x-ray imaging of the kidneys, uteres, and bladder after ink=jection of contrast through a urinary catheter into the ureters |
| |
RP |
retrograge pyelogram |
| |
voiding cystourethrogram |
x-ray record (with contrast) of the urinary bladder and urethra obtained while the patient is voiding urine |
| |
VCUG |
voiding cystourethrogram |
| |
ultrasonography |
process of imaging urinary tract structures using jhigh frequency sound waves |
| |
radioisotope scan |
image of the kidney after injecting into the bloodstream a radioactive substance (radioisotope) that concentrates in the kidney |
| |
magnetic resonaance |
a magnetic field and radio waves produce images of the kidney and surrounding structures in all three planes of the body |
| |
MR |
magnetic resonance |
| |
cystoscopy |
direct visual examination of urinary bladder with an endoscope (cystoscope) |
| |
dialysis |
process of separating nitrogenous wate materials from the bloodstream when the kidneys no longer function |
| |
hemodialysis |
uses an artificial kidney machine that receives waste-filled blood from the patients bloodstream, filters it, and returns the dualyzed blood to the patient's body |
| |
HD |
hemodialysis |
| |
peritoneal dialysis |
uses a peritoneal catheter to introduce fluid into the peritoneal cavity |
| |
PD |
peritoneal dialysis |
| |
lithrotripsy |
urinary tract stones are crushed and either removed or passed from the body in urine |
| |
renal angioplasty |
dilation of the narrowed areas in renal arteries |
| |
renal biopsy |
removal of kidney tissur for microscopic examination by a pathologist |
| |
renal transplantation |
surgical transfer of a complete kidney from a donor to a recipient |
| |
urinary catheterization |
passage of a flexible, tubular instument through the urethra into the urinary bladder |
| |
ADH |
antidiuretic hormone |
| |
ARF |
acute renal failure |
| |
BILI |
bilirubin |
| |
CAPD |
continuous cycling peritoneal dialysis |
| |
Cath |
catheter, catheterization |
| |
CCPD |
continous cycling peritoneal dialysis |
| |
CKD |
chronic kidney disease |
| |
CI- |
chloride, an electrolyte excreted by the kidney |
| |
CRF |
chronic renal failure |
| |
C&S |
culture and sensitivity testing |
| |
cysto |
cystoscopic examination |
| |
ESRD |
end-stage renal disease |
| |
HCO3 |
bicarbonate, an electrolyte conserved by the kidney |
| |
HD |
hemodialysis |
| |
PD |
pertioneal disease |
| |
pH |
symbol for degree of acidity or alkalinity |
| |
PKD |
polycycstic kidney disease |
| |
PKU |
phenylketonuria |
| |
PUL |
percutaneous ultrasonic lithotripsy |
| |
RP |
retrograde pyelogram |
| |
sp gr |
specific gravity |
| |
UA |
urinalysis |
| |
UTI |
urinary tract infection |
| |
VCUG |
voiding cystourethrogram |
| Add or remove terms from this set |
