 | Term | Definition |
| |
petiole |
joins leaf to a node of the stem |
| |
protoplast |
cell contents not cell wall |
| |
parenchyma cells |
primary walls thin and flexible no secondary walls most metabolic functions"typical" cells least specialized |
| |
collenchyma cells |
support young parts of the plant shoot celery stalk |
| |
sclerenchyma cells |
secondary cell support dead "skeleton" |
| |
fibers |
long, slender and tapered flax |
| |
sclerids |
hardness to nutshells and sead coats part of sclerenchyma |
| |
quiescent center |
cells that divide much more slowly than the other meristemic cells |
| |
stele |
procambrium gives rise to this roots is a central cylinder |
| |
endodermis |
innermost layer of the cortex |
| |
pericycle |
outermost layer of the stele sprout lateral roots |
| |
vascular cambrium |
secondary xylem and secondary phloem |
| |
cork cambrium |
tough think covering for stems and roots replace epidermis |
| |
ray initials |
xylem rays and phloems rays let in minerals and water |
| |
fusiform initials |
tpaered and elongated axis of the stem new vascular tissue |
| |
periderm |
layers of cork plus the cork cambrium |
| |
lenticels |
trunk exchange gases with outside |
| |
morphogenesis |
development of the body form and the organization |
| |
cotransport |
transport protein couples the downhill passage of one solute and the uphill passage of another |
| |
aquaporins |
proteins that transport water |
| |
tonoplast |
membrane that bounds the vacuole |
| |
symplast |
through the plasmodesmata |
| |
apoplast |
through the cells walls |
| |
bulk flow |
movement of a fluid driven by pressure |
| |
casparian strip |
belt made of suberin impervious to water and minerals cannot cross |
| |
xerophytes |
plants adapted to arid climates |
| |
humus |
residue of partially decayed organic material |
| |
loams |
equal sand silt and clay best fertile soil |
| |
phytoremediation |
nondestructive technology use plants to take metals out of the soil |
| |
hypocotyl |
becomes radicle or embryonic root |
| |
epicotyl |
becomes the shoot tip |
| |
scutellum |
special cotyledon "small shield" |
| |
pericarp |
thickened wall of fruit |
| |
vegetative reproduction |
clone themselves by asexual reproduction |
| |
fragmentation |
seperation of a parent plant into parts that re-form the whole |
| |
apomixis |
asexual reproduction without fertilized |
| |
stock |
plant that rpovides the root system |
| |
scion |
twig grafted onto the stock is referred to |
| |
auxin |
plant elongation, root formation, herbicide |
| |
expansins |
break the corss-links between celllose microfbrils |
| |
cytokinins |
cell division and differentiation apical dominance |
| |
ABA |
seed dormancy, drought stress |
| |
ethylene |
triple response, apoptosis, leaf abscission, fruit ripening |
| |
bassinosteroids |
retard leaf absicssion and promote xylem differentiation |
