 | Term | Definition |
| |
menstruation |
monthly shedding of the lining of the uterus when fertilization does not occur |
| |
follicle stage |
the stage of the menstrual cycle where the pituitary gland produces FSH which starts the maturation of an egg |
| |
corpus luteum |
name given to the follicle after ovulation, secretes progesterone |
| |
luteinizing hormone |
secreted by pituitary; regulates estrogen secretion and ovum development in the female and testosterone production in the male |
| |
estrogen |
Hormone produced by the ovaries which controls the development of eggs and adult female characteristics. |
| |
progesterone |
hormone produced by the corpus luteum which promotes uterine lining growth |
| |
follicle stimulating hormone |
secreted by the anterior pituitary gland to stimulate development of reproductive cell follicles |
| |
ovulation |
The process by which a mature egg is released from the ovaries into the fallopian tubes. |
| |
zygote |
the cell resulting from the union of an egg and sperm |
| |
embryo |
a developing human, from fertilization through the first 8 weeks of development |
| |
fetus |
the developing organism from the end of the eighth week until birth |
| |
morula |
the solid mass of cells resulting from the cleavage of the ovum before the formation of a blastula. |
| |
blastula |
hollow ball of cells formed during the early stages of embryological development |
| |
gastrula |
the embryo in the stage of development after the blastula; contains the embryonic germ layers |
| |
endoderm |
innermost germ layer- forms the digestive tract |
| |
ectoderm |
outermost germ layer; becomes skin and nervous system |
| |
mesoderm |
germ layer between ectoderm and endoderm |
| |
cleavage |
rapid mitotic division of a zygote that occurs immediately after fertilization |
| |
differentiation |
Process in which cells become specialized in structure and function. |
| |
blastocoel |
the fluid-filled cavity inside a blastula |
| |
blastopore |
opening formed when the blastula folds in on itself |
| |
primitive gut |
cavity within the gastrula |
| |
neural tube |
The primitive spinal cord that develops from the ectoderm, the top of which swells to form the brain. |
| |
embryonic induction |
ability of one group of embryonic cells to influence the development of another group |
| |
chorion |
The outermost of four extraembryonic membranes; contributes to the formation of the mammalian placenta. |
| |
amnion |
The innermost of four extraembryonic membranes; encloses a fluid-filled sac in which the embryo is suspended. |
| |
allantois |
One of four extraembryonic membranes; collects embryo's nitrogenous waste. |
| |
yolk sac |
The membrane that is attached to a vertebrate embryo and that encloses the yolk;stores energy reserves for the developing embryo. |
| |
placenta |
organ in placental mammals through which nutrients,oxygen, carbon dioxide, and wastes are exhanged beteen embryo and mother |
| |
umbilical cord |
In placental mammals, the structure that connects the fetus and the placenta. |
| |
teratogens |
Harmful agents or substances that can cause malformations or defects in a embryo of fetus |
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