 | Term | Definition |
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pericardium |
a triple-layered sac that encloses the heart |
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erythropoietin |
a glycoprotein secreted by the kidneys that stimulates the production of red blood cells |
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leukemia |
A disorder of the lymphoid tissue characterized by uncontrolled proliferation of abnormal WBCs accompanied by a reduction in the number of RBCs and platelets. |
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parietal pericardium |
the tough outermost layer of the pericardium that is attached to the diaphragm and the sternum |
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visceral pericardium/epicardium |
the innermost of the two layers of the pericardium |
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leukopenia |
an abnormal lowering of the white blood cell count |
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plaque |
A deposit of fatty material on the inner lining of an arterial wall |
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anemia |
a condition of reduced numbers of red blood cells, hemoglobin, or packed red cells in the blood, resulting in a diminished ability of red blood cells to transport oxygen to the tissues |
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embolus |
the obstruction of a blood vessel by a blood clot that has broken off from a thrombus somewhere else in the body and traveled to the point of obstruction. |
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thrombus |
a blood clot formed within a blood vessel and remaining attached to its place of origin |
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fibrinogen |
A blood protein essential to blood clotting. The conversion of fibrinogen to its active form (fibrin) is among the final steps in clot formation, and is triggered by thrombin. |
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polycythemia |
a disorder characterized by an abnormal increase in the number of red blood cells in the blood |
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Globulin, albumin, fibrinogen |
3 types of plasma protein |
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Alpha globulin, Beta globulin, Gamma globulin |
3 types of globulin |
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albumin |
most abundant plasma protein, 60% of the total protein, made by the liver, plays an important role in osmotic balance, contributes to the viscosity of blood, transportation of lipids/hormones/calcium..., and helps to maintain pH |
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megakaryocyte |
a large cell in the bone marrow that has an irregularly-shaped, multi-lobed nucleus, and that produces platelets |
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hemoglobin |
iron containing substance that is found in the red blood cells and allows the cells to pick up oxygen. An oxygen carrying protein. |
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D. 5-9 days LS. 100-120 days |
erythrocytes duration of development and life span? |
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erythrocytes |
red blood cells, or RBCs. most numerous of the three types of formed elements present in our blood. Sacs of hemoglobin molecules that transport the bulk of oxygen carried in the blood, as well as a small percentage of the carbon dioxide. 4-6 million/mm³ |
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Male: 47% +/-5 %, Female: 42% +/-5, New Born 42% & 68%, leukocytes & platelets, plasma, blood avg. |
Hematocrit Values Male, Female, Newborn, Leukocytes & Platelets, Plasma, Blood Avg. |
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Hematocrit |
The percentage of the blood volume that consists of erythrocytes. |
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Hematopoiesis |
also hemopoiesis, this is the process of formation and development of the various types of blood cells and other formed elements in the plasma |
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leukocytes |
are the only formed elements that are complex cells. protects the body from infectious micro organisms. |
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Blood Plasma |
Matrix of blood |
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aplastic anemia |
severe form of anemia that develops as a consquences of loss of functioning red bone marrow. |
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hemorrhagic anemia |
anemia resulting directly from loss of blood. |
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myocardium |
layer of tissue of the heart that is composed of cardiac muscle, the thickest layer, and performs the work of the heart |
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endocardium |
the membrane that lines the cavities of the heart and forms part of the heart valves |
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sinoatrial node |
the heart's pacemaker, located in the wall of the right atrium |
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atrioventricular node |
located in the right atrium made of conductile cells through which the electrical impulse of the heart will travel |
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bundle of His |
a bundle of modified heart muscle that transmits the cardiac impulse from the atrioventricular node to the ventricles causing them to contract |
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Purkinje fibers |
extend from branches of A-V bundle, stimulate muscle fibers in the ventricular walls |
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systolic |
characterized by the contration of the heart in which the blood is forced onward and the circulation is kept up |
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diastolic |
indicating the arterial pressure during the interval between heartbeats |
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P wave |
in an ECG corresponds to depolarization of the atrial fibers (leads to contraction |
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QRS complex |
in ECG corresponding to depolarization of ventrical membranes, much stronger!! |
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T wave |
in ECG last wave of cardiac cycle corresponding to repolarization |
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arteries |
are muscular blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart. |
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arterioles |
small vessels that receive blood from the arteries |
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metarterioles |
short vessels that link arterioles and capillaries, they contain precapillary sphincters |
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capillaries |
the smallest of a body's blood vessels, measuring 5-10 μm. They connect arterioles and venules, and they are the blood vessels that most closely interact with tissues. |
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venules |
small vessels that gather blood from the capillaries into the veins |
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veins |
the blood vessels that conduct blood from the capillaries toward the heart. |
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hepatic portal system |
collects blood from the digestive organs and delivers blood to the liver for processing and storing |
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lymphatic system |
This system's funtions are (1) to transport tissue fluid to the blood vessels, and (2) to protect the body by removing foreign material such as bacteria from the lymphatic stream and by serving as a cite for lymphocytes "policing of body fluids and lymphocyte multiplication. It is a one-way system that carries lymph only towards the heart. |
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lacteals |
specialized lymph vessels in the small intestine that absorb fat into the bloodstream |
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lymph nodes |
Bean-shaped filters that cluster along the lymphatic vessels of the body. They function as a cleanser of lymph as wells as a site of T and B cell activation |
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spleen |
The body's largest lymphatic organ which consists of two compartments. One is filled with red pulp (full of RBC that can be released if necessary) and one with white pulp (full of lymphocytes and macrophages) |
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thymus gland |
a ductless glandular organ at the base of the neck that produces lymphocytes and aids in producing immunity |
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T lymphocytes |
mature in the thymus gland and fight pathogens by cell-mediated response. stimulated by cells that bave been infected. two main types:cytotoxic and helper |
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b lymphocytes |
mature in the bone marrow and fight pathogens through humoral response in which they produce anitbodies |
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atherosclerosis |
The disease process in which the body's vessles become increasingly occluded by plaques. The plaques narrow the arteries and can contribute to hypertensive heart disease |
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arteriosclerosis |
thickening; loss of elasticity, and calcification (hardening ) or arterial walls |
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varicose veins |
Swollen, distended, and knotted veins which usually occur in the lower leg(s). The result from a stagnated or sluggish flow of blood in combination with defective valves and weakened walls of the veins |
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aneurism |
a cardiovascular disease characterized by a sac-like widening of an artery resulting from weakening of the artery wall |
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myocardial infarction |
destruction of heart tissue resulting from obstruction of the blood supply to the heart muscle. also know as hear attack |
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bradycardia |
abnormally slow heart rate (<60 beats/minute) |
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tachycardia |
abnormally rapid heartbeat (over 100 beats per minute) |
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coronary thrombosis |
blood clot completely blocking a coronary artery, causes a heart attack |
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autoimmune disorder |
any of a large group of diseases characterized by abnormal functioning of the immune system that causes your immune system to produce antibodies against your own tissues |
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nose, nasal cavity, maranasal sinuses, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi and smaller branches, and lungs which contains alveoli |
Organs of respiratory system |
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nose |
the only externally visible part of the respiratory system. it provides and airway for respiration, moisten and warms entering air, filters inhaled air to cleanse it of foreign particles, serves as a resonating chamber for speech, and houses the olfactory receptors. |
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nasal cavity |
the cavity behind the nose and above the roof of the mouth that filters air and moves mucous and ihaled contaminants outward and away form the lungs. |
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paranasal sinuses |
located in the sphenoid, ethmoid, maxillary, and frontal bones they surround the nasal cavity and make the skull lighter; they also serve as resonance chambers for speech |
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pharynx |
the passage to the stomach and lungs |
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larynx |
voice box; passageway for air moving from pharynx to trachea; contains vocal cords |
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trachea |
membranous tube with cartilaginous rings that conveys inhaled air from the larynx to the bronchi |
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bronchi |
two short branches located at the lower end of the trachea that carry air into the lungs. |
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lungs |
two spungy organs in the thoracic cavity enclosed by the diaphragm and rib cage; responsible for respiration |
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alveoli |
air sacs at the end of the bronchiole |
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nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx |
3 anatomical regions of the pharynx |
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nasopharynx |
cavity forming the upper part of the pharynx |
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oropharynx |
an anatomical division of the pharynx that is behind the oral cavity extending from the soft palate to the epiglottis overlying the larynx |
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laryngopharynx |
lower part of the pharynx just below the oropharynx opening into the larynx and esophogus |
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respiratory membrane |
aka air-blood barrier, the fusing of the alveolar and capillary walls and the fused basal laminas. Gas exchange occurs across this membrane. Oxygen passes from the alveolar air to the capillary blood and carbon dioxide leaving the capillary blood enter the alveolar air. |
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eupnea |
normal relaxed breathing |
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hyperpnea |
energetic (deep and rapid) respiration that occurs normally after exercise or abnormally with fever or various disorders |
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apnea |
transient cessation of respiration |
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heimlich maneuver |
an emergency procedure to help someone who is choking because food is lodged in the trachea |
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pneumothorax |
abnormal presence of air in the pleural cavity resulting in the collapse of the lung |
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asthma |
respiratory disorder characterized by wheezing |
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emphysema |
an abnormal condition of the lungs marked by decreased respiratory function |
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epistaxis |
bleeding from the nose |
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cystic fibrosis |
the most common congenital disease |
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hyaline membrane disease |
an acute lung disease of the newborn (especially the premature newborn) |
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bronchitis |
inflammation of the membranes lining the bronchial tubes |
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pneumonia |
respiratory disease characterized by inflammation of the lung parenchyma (excluding the bronchi) with congestion caused by viruses or bacteria or irritants |
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lung cancer |
a lung disease in which cells in the lungs grow out of control |
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laryngitis |
inflammation of the mucous membrane of the larynx |
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SIDS |
sudden and unexpected death of an apparently healthy infant during sleep |
