 | Term | Definition |
| |
Heredity |
transmission of traits from one generation to the next |
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Genetics |
study of heredity and variation |
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Asexual reproduction |
single parent passes all the genes to the offspring |
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Sexual reproduction |
two parents contribute genes |
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life cycle |
organism has a sequence of reproductive history through one generation |
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Somatic Cell |
Body cells of an organism |
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Karyotype |
complete set of chromosomes |
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Homologous Chromosomes |
carry genes and control traits |
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Sex Chromosomes |
X and Y chromosomes |
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Autosomes |
non-sex chromosomes |
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Gametes |
meaning sperm and egg |
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Fertilization |
sperm fuses to the egg cell |
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Trait |
heritable feature of an organism |
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variation |
difference in a trait |
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hybridization |
crossing of two true-breeding varities |
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dominant allele |
fully expressed in offspring |
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recessive allele |
no noticeable effect on offspring |
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homozygous |
two identical alleles for a particular trait |
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heterozygous |
two different alleles for a trait |
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phenotype |
organism's physical traits |
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Genotype |
Organism's genetic make-up |
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Monohybrid Cross |
cross with one character |
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Dihybrid Cross |
Cross with two characters |
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Pleiotrophy |
ability of gene to affect different traits |
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Epistasis |
ability of a gene location |
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Tay-Sachs disease |
allele that codes for a dysfunctional enzyme to break down lipids |
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Sickle cell disease |
mutant molecule that forms rods to lower blood levels |
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Genetic recombination |
production of offspring with new gene from parents |
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Recominants |
new combinations of genes from parents |
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linkage map |
genetic map based on recombination |
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Hemophilia |
having blood with inability to clot |
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Double helix |
twisted ladder with rigid rungs |
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DNA |
adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine |
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ribosomes |
made up of two subunits one large one small |
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P site |
carries polypeptide |
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A site |
carries amino acids |
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E site |
Exit site |
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Mutations |
alterations in the genetic material of the cell |
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Cancer |
Mutations in genes inhibit cell division |
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paternity |
DNA fingerprinting |
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DNA ligase |
single- stranded DNA, sealed with enzymes |
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Biotechnology |
process of manipulating organisms |
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Gene cloning |
Process to create significant sample of segments |
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Genomics |
study of organism's entire genome |
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Gene thearpy |
persons genes if that person possesses problem of gene kinds |
