 | Term | Definition |
| |
alimentation |
The process of providing nutrition for the body |
| |
ingestion |
The oral taking of substances into the body |
| |
digestion |
The mechanical and chemical conversion of food into substances that can eventually be absorbed by cells |
| |
chewing |
The mechanical breakdown of food is accomplished by |
| |
mouth |
The chemical breakdown of food starts in the |
| |
stomach |
The chemical breakdown of food ends in the |
| |
absorption |
The process in which the digested food molecules pass through the lining of the small intestine into the blood or lymph capillaries is |
| |
elimination |
The removal of undigested food particles is |
| |
defecation |
The elimination of wastes through the anus in the form of feces is called |
| |
enzymes |
The chemical breaking down of nutrients into simpler substances requires |
| |
glucose |
A simple sugar that is the major source of energy for the body |
| |
gastrointestinal |
A term that refers to the stomach and the intestines. |
| |
UGI |
The mouth, pharynx, esophagus, and stomach make up the ________ (use standard abbreviation for this term). |
| |
LGI |
The small and large intestines make up the __________ (use standard abbreviation for this term). |
| |
upper gastrointestinal tract |
The abbreviation UGI stands for |
| |
lower gastrointestinal tract |
The abbreviation LGI stands for |
| |
small intestine |
The duodenum, jejunum, and the ileum make up the ______ _______ |
| |
large intestine |
The cecum, ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid colon, and rectum make up the _______ _________ |
| |
lingual |
Two words, both meaning pertaining to the tongue are glossal and |
| |
orthodontics |
The branch of dentistry concerned with tooth alignment and associated facial problems is |
| |
orthodontist |
One who specializes in straight teeth is called a |
| |
periodontium |
The tissue that supports the teeth and keeps them firmly anchored is called |
| |
esophagus |
Food that is swallowed passes from the mouth to the pharynx (throat) and then to a long tube called the |
| |
esophageal |
A term that means pertaining to the esophagus is |
| |
stomach |
The esophagus carries the food to the |
| |
pain |
Gastralgia and gastrodynia both mean ________ of the stomach. |
| |
ileum |
The three divisions of the small intestine are the duodenum, the jejunum, and the _________ |
| |
gastroenterology |
The study of the stomach, intestines, and associated structures is called |
| |
liver |
Bile is a digestive juice produced by the |
| |
gastric lavage |
The washing out of the stomach is called a ________ _________ |
| |
bile |
Biliary means pertaining to |
| |
anus |
The lower part of the large intestine, the rectum, ends in a narrow anal canal, which opens to the exterior at the _______ |
| |
anal |
A term that means pertaining to the anus is |
| |
proctologist |
A physician who specializes in diseases of the anus and rectum as well as disorders of the colon is called a |
| |
accessory organs |
The liver, gallbladder, pancreas, and salivary glands are ________ _______ to the digestive system. |
| |
liver |
The largest internal organ is the |
| |
bile |
_______ is continuously produced by the liver and is either stored by the gallbladder or conveyed to the small intestine for immediate use |
| |
common |
The main duct that conveys bile to the duodenum is the _________ bile duct. |
| |
choledochal |
The term that means pertaining to the common bile duct is |
| |
insulin |
The pancreas produces ________, a hormone that regulates the blood sugar level |
| |
pancreatic juice |
This is produced by the pancreas and is important in the digestion of food. (two words) |
| |
anus |
outlet of the large intestine |
| |
appendix |
blind pouch attached to the cecum |
| |
cecum |
first part of the large intestine |
| |
colon |
major portion of the large intestine |
| |
duodenum |
first part of the small intestine |
| |
esophagus |
connects the mouth and stomach |
| |
gallbladder |
storage sac for bile |
| |
ileum |
portion of small intestine that joins the large intestine |
| |
jejunum |
second part of the small intestine |
| |
liver |
accessory digestive organ that produces bile |
| |
esophagram |
An x-ray image of the esophagus taken while the patient swallows a liquid barium suspension is called |
| |
cholelithiasis |
The term for presence of gallstones is |
| |
choledocholithiasis |
The term for when a gallstone moves into the common bile duct is |
| |
bilirubin |
The yellow discoloring of the skin, mucous membranes, and whites of the eyes is caused by greater than normal amounts of ________ in the blood |
| |
sialography |
The salivary ducts can be studied by injecting radiopaque substances into the ducts in a procedure called a |
| |
diabetes mellitus |
This is primarily a result of resistance to insulin or lack of insulin secretion by the insulin secreting cells of the pancreas (two words) |
| |
hyperglycemia |
Without insulin, glucose builds up in the blood and results in |
| |
polyphagia |
A term that means excessive hunger and uncontrolled eating is |
| |
polyuria |
A term that means excessive urination is |
| |
polydipsia |
A term that means excessive thirst is |
| |
glycosuria |
A term that means glucose in the urine |
| |
hypoglycemia |
When the blood contains less than normal amount of sugar this is called |
| |
obesity |
An abnormal increase in the proportion of fat cells of the body is called |
| |
medically obese |
If a person is 20% above the desirable body weight for the person's age, sex, height and body type they are considered ________ ________ |
| |
hyperemesis |
A term that means excessive vomiting is |
| |
dehydration |
Hyperemesis or diarrhea can lead to |
| |
dehydration |
When the output of bodily fluids exceeds fluid intake this occurs |
| |
emaciation |
Excessive leanness caused by disease of lack of nutrition results in |
| |
anorexia nervosa |
This disorder is often associated with psychological stress or conflict, is a disorder characterized by prolonged refusal to eat that results in emaciation (two words) |
| |
bulimia |
This is characterized by episodes of binge eating that often terminate in self-induced vomiting. |
| |
appendicitis |
Inflammation of the appendix is |
| |
flatulence |
Excessive gas in the stomach and intestinal tract that leads to bloating is called |
| |
hepatitis |
Inflammation of the liver is called |
| |
hepatomegaly |
A term that means enlargement of the liver |
| |
hepatic |
A term that means pertaining to the liver |
| |
cirrhosis |
A chronic liver disease characterized by marked degeneration of the liver cells is |
| |
liver |
Hepatotoxic drugs can damage the |
| |
gallbladder |
Bile is produced in the liver but is stored in the |
| |
cholangitis |
Inflammation of the bile ducts is |
| |
gallbladder |
When ever you see cholecyst in a word you will know that it means |
| |
saliva |
This is produced by the salivary glands |
| |
eupepsia |
A term for good or normal digestion is |
| |
dyspepsia |
A term for bad digestion is |
| |
visceral |
This term means pertaining to the large internal organs in the abdominal cavity |
| |
peritoneum |
The membrane that surrounds the viscera and lines the abdominal cavity is called the |
| |
peritonitis |
Inflammation of the peritoneum is called |
| |
hernia |
A protrusion of an organ through an abnormal opening in the muscle wall of the cavity that contains it is called a |
| |
enterostasis |
Stoppage or delay in the passage of food through the intestine is called |
| |
anorexiant |
An appetite-suppressing drug is a(n) |
| |
antiemetics |
A drug that is used to relieve or prevent vomiting. |
| |
emetics |
These drugs are used to induce vomiting in cases of drug overdoses or poisoning. |
| |
appendectomy |
Removal of the vermiform appendix |
| |
cholecystectomy |
Excision of the gallbladder |
| |
colostomy |
An opening from the colon through the abdominal wall |
| |
esophagostomy |
New opening into the esophagus |
| |
gastrectomy |
Surgical removal of the stomach |
| |
gastric bypass |
Surgery performed to reduce the stomach's capacity (two words) |
| |
gastrostomy |
New opening into the stomach |
| |
laparoscopy |
Examination of the abdominal cavity through a small incision in the abdominal wall |
| |
jejunostomy |
A new opening in the jejunum |
| |
amylase |
Enzyme that breaks down starch |
| |
pancreatolithectomy |
Excision of a pancreatic stone |
| |
vagotomy |
Incision of the vagus nerve |
| |
glucose |
The eventual product of the digestion of sugars as well as starches is |
| |
laxatives |
This causes evacuation of the bowel and may be prescribed to correct constipation |
| |
anastomosis |
The joining of two organs, vessels, or ducts that are normally separate |
