Set: EOCT Vocab

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All 105 Terms

Term Definition
Science A process that contributes to an ever-changing body of knowledge that has developed over time and involves many modifications of thought.
Paradigm A process that contributes to an ever-changing body of knowledge that has developed over time and involves many modifications of thought.
Principle A rule or law concerning a natural phenomenon or the function of a complex system.
Theory A broad explanation supported by substantial evidence that ties together a range of observations.
Law An accepted principle used to explain an action or set of events which can usually be represented by a mathematical equation.
Paradigm Shift Rare, radical changes in thought or scientific views.
Hypothesis A possible explanation or tentative answer to a question that leads to an experiment.
Zoology The study of the structure and function of animals.
Ecology The study of the relationship between organisms and their environment.
Taxonomy The study of the classification of organisms.
Prokaryote A unicellular organism with no true nucleus.
Eukaryote A cell with a true nucleus and membrane bound organelles.
Virus An infectious particle made up of nucleic acid surrounded by a protein coat that cannot reproduce outside a living host cell.
Prion An infectious protein that causes the buildup of plaque in the brain resulting in diseases like "mad cow" and CJD.
Nucleus A large double membrane bound organelle that contains the genetic material of the cell.
Independent Variable The factor in an experiment that the experimenter manipulates.
Dependent Variable The factor in an experiment that you measure.
Control The group in an experiment treated the same as the experimental group except that the experimental variable is omitted.
Autotroph An organism that builds organic molecules from inorganic reactants.
Heterotroph An organism that acquires organic molecules by consuming others.
Homeostasis The ability to maintain a fairly constant internal environment.
Cell Membrane The boundary that separates the cell from its surroundings and controls the passage of substances into and out of the cell.
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum An endomembrane system covered with ribosomes where many proteins for transport are assembled.
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum An endomembrane system where lipids are synthesized, calcium levels are regulated, and toxic substances are broken down.
Golgi Apparatus An endomembrane system which processes and packages substances for export from the cell.
Lysosome A membrane bound sac containing digestive enzymes that breakdown food molecules, old organelles, and foreign substances that have entered the cell.
Vacuole A membrane bound sac that stores enzymes, wastes products, and water.
Mitochondria Double membrane bound organelles where ATP is generated in the Kreb's cycle and the electron transport system.
Ribosome The site of protein synthesis in a cell.
Chloroplast A double membrane bound organelle found in plant cells where photosynthesis occurs.
Cilia Short hair-like cell extensions used in locomotion or to move substance across the surface of cells.
Flagella Long whip-like cell extensions that move cells through their environment.
Cell Wall A rigid structure outside the cell membrane of plant, fungal, and bacterial cells that provides support and protection.
Active Transport The movement of substances across a cell membrane against their concentration gradient using both a protein carrier and ATP.
Passive Transport The movement of substances across a cell membrane without the use of cellular energy.
Diffusion The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration.
Osmosis The diffusion of water.
Facilitated Diffusion A process by which substances are moved across a cell membrane down their concentration gradient using a protein carrier.
Endocytosis The bulk movement of substances into a cell using vesicles.
Exocytosis The bulk movement of substances out of a cell using vesicles.
Atom The basic building block of all matter.
Proton The positively charged particle in the nucleus of an atom.
Neutron The particle in the nucleus of an atom with no charge.
Electron The negatively charged particle that orbits the nucleus of an atom.
Carbohydrates The category of biological molecules made up of monosaccharide.
Lipids The most diverse category of biological molecules all of which are at least partially hydrophobic.
Nucleic Acids The category of biological molecules made up of nucleotides that include both DNA and RNA.
Proteins The category of biological molecules made up of amino acids held together by peptide bonds.
Photosynthesis The conversion of light energy in to chemical energy stored in organic molecules.
Cellular Respiration The process in which cells make ATP by breaking down organic molecules.
Fermentation A process in which cells make a limited amount of ATP by converting glucose into other organic molecules in the absence of oxygen.
Enzyme A biological molecule that increases the rate
Watson, Crick, Franklin & Wilkins The individuals responsible for the discovery of the three dimensional structure of DNA.
Double Helix The twisted ladder structure of a DNA molecule.
Nucleotide The unit molecule for all nucleic acids made up of a phosphate, sugar and nitrogenous base.
Chargaff The individual responsible for discovering the base pairing rules for DNA.
Guanine The base that makes three hydrogen bonds with cytosine.
Adenine The nitrogenous base that makes two hydrogen bonds with thymine.
Thymine The nitrogenous base that makes two hydrogen bonds with adenine.
Cytosine The nitrogenous base that makes three hydrogen bonds with guanine.
RNA A nucleic acid composed of a single strand that contains ribose and uracil.
rRNA The nucleic acid found in ribosomes.
mRNA The nucleic acid that carries genetic information from the DNA to the ribosomes.
tRNA The nucleic acid that carries amino acids from the cytoplasm to the ribosome.
Transcription The process of making RNA from DNA.
Translation The process of making protein from mRNA.
Cell Cycle The events of cell division including interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis.
Go A phase in the cell cycle during which DNA replication does not occur and the cell does not divide.
G1 The first period of interphase in which the cell volume increases.
G2 The final period of interphase during which the cell prepares for mitosis.
S The phase of interphase during which DNA replication occurs.
Cytokinesis The division of the cytoplasm.
Mitosis Cell replication producing cells identical to the parent cell.
Meiosis Cell division producing cells with a different kind and number of chromosomes.
Heredity The passing of genetic traits from parents to offspring.
Gene A sequence of DNA that codes for a single polypeptide.
Allele The alternate form of a gene.
Genotype The combination of alleles present in an organism.
Phenotype The outward appearance of an organism.
Homozygous Both alleles present are the same.
Heterozygous The two alleles present for a given trait are different.
Sex Linked An inheritance pattern in which traits are controlled by genes located on the X chromosome.
Gregor Mendel The father of modern genetics.
Punnett Square A representation used to predict the allele combinations formed by a cross of gametes from two parents.
Mutation Any heritable change in the DNA of an organism.
Nondisjunction The failure of homologous chromosomes to separate during meiosis or sister chromatids to separate during mitosis.
Law of Independent Assortment This states that alleles for different traits are inherited independently of each other.
Law of Segregation This states that allele pairs separate so that each gamete receives only one.
Monosomy When one of a pair of chromosomes is missing in a diploid organism.
Trisomy When there is an extra chromosome of any pair in a diploid organism.
Autosome Any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome.
Hemophilia A blood clotting disorder resulting from the inheritance of a sex linked recessive trait.
Down Syndrome A disorder caused by trisomy 21.
Colorblind A disorder of vision caused by a sex linked recessive trait.
Spontaneous Generation A once held belief that living organisms could spring from dead or decaying matter.
Evolution Descent with modification.
Miller-Urey experiment A famous laboratory experiment that modeled the Earth's early atmosphere and created organic molecules.
Natural Selection The process by which organisms with favorable variations reproduce at higher rates than those without the variations.
Macroevolution Large scale modifications that occur over long time periods and produce new species.
Microevolution Small scale modifications that occur over short periods and result in a change in gene frequency within a population.
Divergent Evolution A pattern of modification when two related species become less alike over time.
Convergent Evolution A pattern of modification when two unrelated species independently develop a characteristic that appears to be the same.
Linnaeus The individual who developed binomial nomenclature.
Charles Darwin The individual responsible for discovering that natural selection is the mechanism for evolution.
Species Individuals similar enough to interbreed successfully.

Set Information

Terms 105
Creator twilightified
Created May 2, 2008
Groups None
Tag biology
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twilightified : Changed Protein → The category of biological molecules made up of amino acids held together by peptide bonds. to Proteins → The category of biological molecules made up of amino acids held together by peptide bonds.
twilightified : Changed Electron → The negatively charged particles that orbit the nucleus of an atom. to Electron → The negatively charged particle that orbits the nucleus of an atom.
twilightified : Changed Divergent Evolution → A patter of modification when two related species become less alike over time. to Divergent Evolution → A pattern of modification when two related species become less alike over time.
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Most Missed Words

  1. Active Transport → The movement of substances across a cell membrane against their concentration gradient using both a protein carrier and ATP. - 3 misses
  2. Adenine → The nitrogenous base that makes two hydrogen bonds with thymine. - 3 misses
  3. RNA → A nucleic acid composed of a single strand that contains ribose and uracil. - 3 misses
  4. Law → An accepted principle used to explain an action or set of events which can usually be represented by a mathematical equation. - 2 misses
  5. Zoology → The study of the structure and function of animals. - 2 misses
  6. Autotroph → An organism that builds organic molecules from inorganic reactants. - 2 misses
  7. Heterotroph → An organism that acquires organic molecules by consuming others. - 2 misses