 | Term | Definition |
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Equation for photosynthesis |
(6)CO2 + (6)H20 -> C6H12O6 + (6)O2 |
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How Vegetable oils are produced |
Plants turn glucose into chemicals (such as vegetable oils) using chemical reactions |
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How do we extract oil from the oilseed rape? |
Seeds are taken to a factory, pressed to extract oil, impurities removed |
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What are the two ways we extract vegetable oils? |
Distillation and Pressing |
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How we extract oil from lavendar |
Distillation |
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How distillation works |
Plant put in boiling water, oil from plant evaporates, oil condensed and collected, impurities removed |
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Why vegetable oils are important |
Contain lots of energy |
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What all vegetable oils are made from |
Hydrocarbons |
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Vegetable oils which contain double bonds |
Unsaturated oils |
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How can we detect unsaturated oils? |
Bromine Water |
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How do the boiling points of vegetables compare with water |
It is higher |
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Why do vegetable oils have higher boiling temperatures? |
Large molecules, larger intermoleculer forces |
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What does food cooked in vegetable oil contain? |
More energy |
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What do you notice on food cooked in vegetable oil? |
Cooks quicker, different colour, crispier |
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Why does food cooked in vegetable oil contain more energy? |
Absorbs some of the oil |
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What is the state of unsaturated vegetables oils at room temperature? |
Liquid |
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Why are vegetable oils liquid at room temperature |
Double bond means they don't fit together well, reduces intermolecular forces |
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How can we increase the melting points of vegetable oils? |
Add hydrogen |
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Why does adding hydrogen heighten the melting point of vegetable oils? |
Hydrogen replaces double bonds with single bonds |
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Oils that have been hardened |
Hydrogenated |
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What is the advantage of hard vegetable oils? |
Used in spreads like margarine |
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What are smooth foods made from? |
Oil and water |
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How can we encourage oil and water to mix? |
Emulsions |
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How do emulsions works? |
Oil made into tiny droplets that disperse throughout the water |
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What do we use to stop oil and water from seperating? |
Emulsifiers |
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What is the head of an emulsifier attracted to? |
Water |
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What is the tail of an emulsifier attracted to? |
Oil |
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How can we detect additives in our food? |
Chromatography |
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Why does chromatography work? |
Different substances have different solubility in water |
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What machine can identify substances from chromatography? |
Mass Spectrometer |
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What is biodiesel? |
Fuel made from vegetable oils |
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In which cars will biodiesel work? |
Diesel |
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How do we make biodiesel? |
Treat vegetable oils to remove unwanted chemicals, can be mixed with crude oil |
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What are the useful products of biodiesel? |
Solid waste material (Fed to cattle as high-energy food), Glycerine (for making soap). |
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Why is biodiesel better? (if spilled) |
Breaks down 5x faster |
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Why is biodiesel better? (pollution) |
Makes little sulphur dioxide and other pollutants |
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Why is biodiesel better? (main reason) |
CO2 neutral |
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What can trans fats affect? |
Cholesterol level |
