 | Term | Definition |
| |
macromolecule |
a giant polymetic molecule. the macromolecules are proteins, polysaccharides and nucleic acids |
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monomer |
a small molecule 2 or more of which can be combined to form oligomers or polymers |
| |
polymer |
a large molecule made up of similar or identical subunits called monomers |
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dehydration reaction |
rx in which 2 molecules become connected by a covalent bond and a molecule of water is released |
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hydrolysis reaction |
chemical rx that breaks a bond by inserting a component of water |
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protein |
one of the most fundamental building sunstance of living organisms . a long chain polymer of amino acids with 20 diff common side chains |
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primary structure |
the sequence of amino aid in a protein |
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secondary structure |
localized regularities of strucutre, such as the alpha helix and beta pleated sheets |
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tertiary structure |
relative locations in the 3D space of all the atoms in the molecule. the overall shape of a protein |
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quarternary structure |
the specific 3D arrangement of protein subunits |
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disulfide bridge |
the covalent bond btwn two sulfur atoms linking to molecule or remote parts of the same molecule |
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peptide bond/link |
the bond btwn aids in a protein. formed btwn a carboxyl grp and amino grp CO-NH with the loss of a water molecule |
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carbohydrate |
organic compounds containing carbon, hydrogen and oxygen in the ratio 1:2:1 eg. sugars, starch and cellulose. |
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lipid |
substances in a cell which are easily extracted by organic solvents; fats, oils, waxes, steroids and other large organic molecules |
| |
triglyceride |
a simple lipd in which three fatty acids are combined with one molecule of glycerol |
