Set: Nutrition -Energy Metabolism
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All 53 Terms
| | Term | Definition |
|---|---|---|
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Metabolism | Chemical Reactions that take place in the body is known as ___ |
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Energy Metabolism | Chemical reactions that enable cells to obtain and use energy from nutrients |
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Substrate (reactant) | A Molecule that enters a reaction |
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Product | Resulting molecule of a reaction |
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Catabolic | ___ Releases energy through breakdown of complex molecules into simpler ones |
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Anabolic | ___ Requires energy to construct complex molecules from simpler ones |
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Enzymes | Biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions. ___ |
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Cofactors | Inorganic substances that must be attached to an enzymes active site |
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Coenzymes | Organic molecules derived from vitamins that accept and donate hydrogen ions, electrons, & other molecules |
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Coupled Reactions | Chemical reactions that take place simultaneously, often involving the oxidation of one melecule & reduction of the other |
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Insulin, Glucagon, Cortisol, EPI | __,__,__,__ are all metabolism regulatory hormones |
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ATP (provides energy for) | __ provides energy for Protein synthesis, muscle contractions, active transport, nerve transmission |
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Substrate Phosphorylation | ___ ___ is when a Phosphate group is added directly to ADP, O2 NOT Required |
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Oxydative Phosphorylation | __ __ is when oxydation of NADH + H and FADH2 to phosphorylation of ADP and ATP |
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Electron Transport Chain | ___ is when electrons are transfered & hydrogen ions from NAHD + H along protein complexes in the inner mitochondrial membrane producing ATP |
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(Stage 1) Glycogenolysis | Breakdown of Glycogen for glucose |
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(Stage 2) Glycolysis | ___ is splitting a 6-carbon glucose into 2 pyruvate, Anaerobic |
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Cori Cycle | During ___ ___ Glycolysis & Gluconeogenesis, limited O2 availability |
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Citric Acid Cycle | Aerobic Pathway, Forms GTP & reduced coenzymes |
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Protein | Supplies less then 10% of ATP needs, |
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(Stage 1) Proteolysis | __ happens during Starvation, Protein->AA, Liver takes AA |
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(Stage 2) Transamination | ___ is transfer of amino group from an AA to a a-ketoacid is known as ___ |
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(Stage 2) Deamination | ___ is removal of amino group from an amino acid |
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(Stage 3) Protein Catabolism | ___ ___: Citric Acid Cycle, A-ketoacids oxidized to produce NADH + H |
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(Stage) 1st Lipolysis | Catalyzed by hormone-sensitive lipase from adipose tissue |
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(Stage) 4th Lipolysis | Molecules of acetyl-CoA from beta oxidation enter citric acid cycle |
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(Stage) 5th Lipolysis | Reduced coenzymes enter electron transport chain and create large amounts of ATP |
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Cytoplasm | Anabolism takes place in ___ |
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Glycolysis, Gluconeogenesis, Glycogenesis, Lipogenesis, Ketogenesis, Citric Acid Cycle | Anabolic Pathways include: __,__,__,__,__,__ |
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Glycogenesis | Glycogen formed in liver and muscle from glucose |
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Lipogenesis | Uptake of excess glucose by adipose tissue, conversion is irreversible |
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Gluconeogenesis | Non-carbs transformed into glucose |
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Gluconeogenesis (via Amino Acids) | Removal of amino group via transamination and deamination along with conversion of carbon skeleton to oxaloacetate |
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Ketogenesis | Metabolic pathway used to produce ketones from acetyl-CoA |
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Ketones | Organic substance used as energy during starvation or low carb diets |
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Ketosis | Ketone production exceeds ketone use |
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Ketoacidosis | Severe ketosis including low blood pH, nausea, coma |
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1st Absorptive (State) | ___ state Nutrients Enter Blood |
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2nd Absorptive (State) | ____ state stimulates release of insulin |
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3rd Absorptive (State) | ___ state Inhibits release of glucagon |
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4th Absorptive (State) | Energy metabolism in liver, adipose, skeletal muscle change |
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5th Absorptive (State) | During ___ATP is produce provided by Glycolysis, citric acid cycle, electron transport chain |
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Post Absorptive State | 4 hours after intake, insulin decrease, glucagon increase, blood glucose decrease, |
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Acute Starvation | absence of food first 5 days |
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Prolonged Starvation | Food deprivation longer then 1 week, RBC rely on glucose for ATP production |
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2nd Lipolysis | During ___ Fatty acid activated by CoA to its Carboxylic Acid end, transported across mitochondira membrane |
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3rd Lipolysis | During ___ 2-carbons cleaved off, forming acetyl-CoA, Repeat. Generates 1 NADH + H and FADH2 |
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Lipolysis | __ is the breakdown of triglycerides to FA and glycerol |
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Citric Acid Cycle | Central Metabolic Pathway oxidazes acetyl-CoA to yield CO2, NADH+H,FADH2, and GTP |
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Oxidative Phosphorylation | Coupled process NADH+H,FADH2 are oxidized to NAD,FAD and ADP is phosphorylated to ATP |
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(Stage 3) Pyruvate | Direction depends on availability |
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(Anaerobic Condition) Cori Cycle | __ __ is a metabolic pathway that involves glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, |
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Aerobic Condition | Pyruvate combines with coenzyme A to form Acetyl-CoA-->enters citric acid cycle |
Set Information
| Terms | 53 |
| Creator | Agerardi |
| Created | May 5, 2008 |
| Groups | None |
| Tags | None |
| Access | Anyone |
| Edit | Creator Only |
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Agerardi : Changed Stage 3 Protein Catabolism → Citric Acid Cycle, A-ketoacids oxidized to produce NADH + H to (Stage 3) Protein Catabolism → ___ ____ Citric Acid Cycle, A-ketoacids oxidized to produce NADH + H
Agerardi : Changed ATP provides energy for → Protein synthesis, muscle contractions, active transport, nerve transmission to ATP (provides energy for) → __ provides energy for Protein synthesis, muscle contractions, active transport, nerve transmission
Agerardi : Changed Stage 2 Transamination → Transfer of amino group from an AA to a a-ketoacid to (Stage 2) Transamination → Transfer of amino group from an AA to a a-ketoacid is known as ___
Agerardi : Changed 2nd Absorptive State → Stimulates release of insulin to (2nd) Absorptive State → ____ state stimulates release of insulin
Agerardi : Changed Electron Transport Chain → Transfer electrons & hydrogen ions from NAHD + H along protein complexes in the inner mitochondrial membrane producing ATP to Electron Transport Chain → ___ is when electrons are transfered & hydrogen ions from NAHD + H along protein complexes in the inner mitochondrial membrane producing ATP
Agerardi : Changed 1st Absorptive State → Nutrients Enter Blood to 1st Absorptive State → ___ state Nutrients Enter Blood
Agerardi : Changed (Stage 3) Protein Catabolism → ___ ____ Citric Acid Cycle, A-ketoacids oxidized to produce NADH + H to (Stage 3) Protein Catabolism → ___ ____: Citric Acid Cycle, A-ketoacids oxidized to produce NADH + H
Agerardi : Changed 3rd Absorptive State → Inhibits release of glucagon to 3rd (Absorptive State) → ___ state Inhibits release of glucagon
Agerardi : Changed Stage 2 Lipolysis → Beta Oxidation to (Stage 2) Lipolysis → Beta Oxidation
Agerardi : Changed Hormones Regulate Metabolism → Insulin, Glucagon, Cortisol, Epinephrine to Insulin, Glucagon, Cortisol, Epinephrine → _,_,_,_ are all metabolism regulatory hormones
Agerardi : Changed 2 Beta Oxidation → 2-carbons cleaved off, forming acetyl-CoA, Repeat. Generates 1 NADH + H and FADH2 to 2nd Beta Oxidation → 2-carbons cleaved off, forming acetyl-CoA, Repeat. Generates 1 NADH + H and FADH2
Agerardi : Changed Stage 4 Llipolysis → Reduced coenzymes enter electron transport chain, large amonts of ATP to (Stage) 4th Lipolysis → Reduced coenzymes enter electron transport chain, large amounts of ATP
Agerardi : Changed 4th Beta Oxidation → Acetyl-CoA enteres Citrate Acid Cycle. Each generates 3NADH+H and 1 FADH2 and 1 ATP via GTP to 4th Beta Oxidation → During ____, Acetyl-CoA enteres Citrate Acid Cycle. Each generates 3NADH+H and 1 FADH2 and 1 ATP via GTP
Agerardi : Changed Cori Cycle → Glycolysis & Gluconeogenesis, limited O2 availability to Cori Cycle → During ___ ___ Glycolysis & Gluconeogenesis, limited O2 availability
Agerardi : Changed 3rd Beta Oxidation → 18-carbond FA generates 40 ATP via electron transport chain to 3rd Beta Oxidation → During ___18-carbon FA generates 40 ATP via electron transport chain
Agerardi : Changed 5th Absorptive (State) → ATP produce provided by Glycolysis, citric acid cycle, electron transport chain to 5th Absorptive (State) → During ___ATP is produce provided by Glycolysis, citric acid cycle, electron transport chain
Agerardi : Changed (Aerobic Condition) → Pyruvate combines with coenzyme A to form Acetyl-CoA-->enters citric acid cycle to Aerobic Condition → Pyruvate combines with coenzyme A to form Acetyl-CoA-->enters citric acid cycle
Agerardi : Changed Oxydative Phosphorylation → __ __ is when oxidation of NADH + H and FADH2 to phosphorylation of ADP and ATP to Oxydative Phosphorylation → __ __ is when oxydation of NADH + H and FADH2 to phosphorylation of ADP and ATP
Agerardi : Changed Glucogoneogenesis (via Amino Acids) → Removal of amino group via transamination and deamination along with conversion of carbon skeleton to oxaloacetate to Gluconeogenesis (via Amino Acids) → Removal of amino group via transamination and deamination along with conversion of carbon skeleton to oxaloacetate
Last Message: 5 months ago
Most Missed Words
- (Stage 1) Glycogenolysis → Breakdown of Glycogen for glucose - 3 misses
- 4th Absorptive (State) → Energy metabolism in liver, adipose, skeletal muscle change - 3 misses
- Coenzymes → Organic molecules derived from vitamins that accept and donate hydrogen ions, electrons, & other molecules - 2 misses
- Coupled Reactions → Chemical reactions that take place simultaneously, often involving the oxidation of one melecule & reduction of the other - 2 misses
- Substrate Phosphorylation → ___ ___ is when a Phosphate group is added directly to ADP, O2 NOT Required - 2 misses
- Citric Acid Cycle → Aerobic Pathway, Forms GTP & reduced coenzymes - 2 misses
- Protein → Supplies less then 10% of ATP needs, - 2 misses