 | Term | Definition |
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Missouri Compromise |
1820 - 36-30; establishes boundaries for slavery (slavery below, no slavery above) |
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US victory in Mexican War |
1848 - confirms US annexation of Texas; gives US territories of CA, AZ, NM, parts of UT and CO |
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Wilmot Proviso |
1848 - blocks slavery's expansion into the territories ( = angry Southerners, aww) |
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Compromise of 1850 |
CA enters as free state, South gets strong Fugitive Slave Law |
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Fugitive Slave Law |
runaway slaves must be returned to owners b/c they are "property" |
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Kansas-Nebraska Act |
1854 - KS and NE territories decide on slavery through pop sov; KS is above 36-60 line, so MO comp is dead |
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Dred Scott decision |
1857 - Sup Court rules slaves are property, Congress can't block slavery's expansion; MO Comp was unconstitutional; implies slaveowner can bring "property" to North |
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Election of 1860 |
Lincoln wins!!!! 7 Southern states secede b/f inauguration |
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Crittenden Compromise |
1861 - proposes amendments to return to MO compromise; fails due to Democratic opposition |
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Civil War (start date) |
April 12, 1861 - Fort SUMTER, South Carolina |
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Eric Foner |
Ideology of free labor united Northerners behind the Republicans' opposition to slavery; Ideological conflict ruined our political system: SOUTH SECEDED RATHER THAN LIVE UNDER FREE LABOR IDEOLOGY OF LINCOLN (Free Labor = every man's liberty to pursue economic independence, founded on the Protestant work ethic and social mobility) Free Labor was the basis for industrial capitalism and upward mobility in the North. |
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David Herbert Donald |
The issue of THE EXPANSION OF SLAVERY into the WESTERN TERRITORIES caused the war by severing the bonds of our union: our political party system, the people's faith in the Constitution and national leaders devoted to holding the U together. BOTH North AND South believed SLAVERY HAD TO EXPAND OR IT WOULD DIE. |
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David Brion Davis** |
(The SYNTHESIS) War was caused by CONFLICT BETWEEN FREE LABOR and SLAVE IDEOLOGIES in the TERRITORIES; One uncompromiseable issue: North believed Constitution gave Congress power over slavery in the territories. South believed Constitution banned Congressional interference with slave property in the territories. |
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Lincoln's views on SLAVERY |
Believed slavery violated the Declaration of Independence; opposed slavery's expansion. |
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1st and 2nd Confiscation Acts |
1861-62 - laws signed by Lincoln allowing slaves to use federal courts to gain their freedom |
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Emancipation Proclamation |
(effective) January 1st, 1863 - declared slaves in REBELLIOUS STATES to be free; does not free slaves in border states or areas occupied by Northern troops |
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13th Amendment |
ends slavery in 1865 |
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Richard Hofstadter |
EP gets no credit for freeing slaves ("little more than a bill of lading which freed zero slaves") |
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Stephen B. Oates |
EP gets minimal credit ("pressures and problems of the war led Lincoln to issue the EP") |
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Allen Guelzo |
Lincoln had the goal of emancipation from the beginning of his presidency, explained by his belief and practice of PRUDENCE. EP wasn't meant to be the final solution (13th amendment was). |
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Advantages of North @ start of CW |
3/4 of nation's wealth, much greater industry (LONG TERM) |
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Advantages of South @ start of CW |
ability to fight defensively, better officers (SHORT TERM) |
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1st battle of bull run |
july 1861 - southern victory |
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North's total war strategy |
blockade South, free Southern slaves, seize Mississippi River, invade GA and Carolinas, take Richmond, destroy Lee's army |
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Antietam |
september 1862 - northern victory, followed by EP |
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Fredericksburg |
December 1862 - southern victory |
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Chancellorsville |
may 1863 - southern victory |
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Gettysburg |
July 1863 - Northern victory |
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Sherman captures Atlanta |
September 1864 |
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Herman Hattaway / Archer Jones |
North won because it developed superior leadership among it generals, had a better president and managed it resources better. |
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James McPherson |
North won because of 3 TURNING POINTS on the battlefield: Antietma, Gettysburg, and Atlanta falls to Sherman (1862 - 1864) |
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Reconstruction |
short-term failure, long-term success |
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13th amendment |
ends slavery |
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Freedmen's Bureau |
gov't agency to help freed slaves; educated about 200,000 |
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black codes |
restricted freedom in Southern states |
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14th amendment |
grants citizenship to freedman (1868) |
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Military Reconstruction Act of 1867 |
military occupation of the South |
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15th amendment |
right to vote |
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Enforcement Acts of 1870-71 |
federal law to punish individuals for keeping freed slaves from voting / serving on juries |
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Civil Rights Act of 1875 |
outlawed discrimination in public facilities |
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Compromise of 1877 |
settled disputed pres. election of 1876; removed last federal troops from South; considered END OF RECONSTRUCTION |
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Consequence (20 years) of Democratic regaining of power in South |
weaken black education, establish segregation and block black voting rights |
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James MacGregor Burns |
Reconstruction was a failure b/c it didn't provide freed slaves with land, education, or the right to vote. |
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Eric Foner |
(Agrees with Burns in short-term failure of Reconstruction) but it laid the FOUNDATIONS for the CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT and modern black community. |
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What is US pattern of military intervention? |
US military invasion, depose government, bring law and order, supervise elections |
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What is US pattern of financial supervision? |
US business operations, bank loans, investments, collect custom duties, manage debts |
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Teddy Roosevelt |
builds up US navy, gunboat diplomacy, supports 1903 rev. in Panama to build Panama Canal, Roosevelt Corollary |
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William Howard Taft |
$$ diplomacy, Honduras and Nicaragua, uses force - US troops intervene in Haiti / Nicaragua |
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Woodrow Wilson |
Moral diplomacy, Mexican Rev. presented problems - US military excursions in Mexico (1914), US troops to Cuba, Dominican Republic, Haiti; US financial supervision of Haiti |
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Warren G. Harding / Calvin Coolidge |
need for US military intervention reduced; Europe no longer a threat |
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Herbert Hoover |
beginning of Good Neighbor; LA good-will tour as president-elect; Hawley Smoot Tariff 1930 hurts trade with LA and ends good will |
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Franklin D. Roosevelt (FDR) |
est. God Neighbor Policy; abrogates Platt Amendment; recognizes dictators who bring stability; US gov't replaces US banks |
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Means of US imperialism |
secure naval base in Cuba; domination by UFCO and other US co's |
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Reasons of US imperialism |
spread democracy; civilize / spread Christianity; US hegemony |
